Analytic Methods and Study Rigor Da

Analytic Methods and Study Rigor Data collection and analysis took place over a 24- month time frame. De Witt and Ploeg (2006) proposed five expressions of rigor for interpretive phenomenology. To keep the emerging findings firmly grounded in the participants’ actual experiences, strategies (Guba & Lincoln, 1994; Shih et al., 2001, 2006) were adopted. • Careful use of multiple observation and interview techniques to establish a chronology of clarifications and various explanations • Accurate transcription of the patients’ words and the highlighting of data related to descriptions about dying, spiritual needs, and desired care • Periodic reexamination of the relationship between the sequence and background rationale framing the multifaceted experiences of each patient, together with patient interaction strategies and the potential consequences under different conditions• Managing and resolving difficulties with respect to descriptions of patients’ conceptions and perceptions related to issues of dying care, spiritual needs, language, and culture • Searching for any negative case analyses and the use of periodical peer debriefing• Determining the relationships between spiritual needs, background meanings, and related caring actions • Confirming the interpretation with participants, their significant others, and healthcare professionals when necessary.