海上桥梁的腐蚀与防护概述：介绍了海洋桥梁的腐蚀与防护，分析了腐蚀环境，

海上桥梁的腐蚀与防护<br>概述：介绍了海洋桥梁的腐蚀与防护，分析了腐蚀环境，列举了各种腐蚀类型，提出了相应的桥梁钢结构腐蚀防护方法，分析了桥梁的实际腐蚀情况，最后对腐蚀防护的未来发展进行了思考。<br>总结：为了更好地开发和利用海洋资源，我们需要使用许多海上工业设施。例如，一座海桥含有大量金属。海洋中的腐蚀环境非常复杂，腐蚀对桥梁的使用寿命有重大影响。因此，海洋环境中的金属腐蚀是建造和建造海桥时必须考虑的问题。桥梁的海洋侵蚀也是一个问题。金属材料、结构和结构的腐蚀无法完全避免。这就是为什么我们只能尽量减少腐蚀。我们必须采取适当的保护措施。由于桥梁防护技术和船舶防腐材料的广泛应用，防护要求得到了一定程度的落实，但远远不够。由于科学技术的不断创新，钢桥结构在海水中的腐蚀防护越来越完善。<br>关键词：跨湖大桥；腐蚀性海洋环境；金属腐蚀类型；阴极保护技术；<br>正文：<br>腐蚀性海洋环境<br>包括腐蚀性海洋环境和腐蚀性海洋环境<br>海洋大气腐蚀：海洋大气腐蚀是由湿气在金属物体表面形成一层薄薄的水膜引起的。在海上钢结构中，相对湿度高于其临界值，海洋大气中富含许多盐颗粒。这些盐杂质溶解在钢表面的水膜中，使水膜变成高度腐蚀性的电解质，加速腐蚀。<br>海洋腐蚀环境：海水是含盐量高的腐蚀性介质。地表水的含盐量通常在3.20%到3.75%之间。海水的含盐量随着深度的增加略有增加。主要盐为氯化物，占总盐量的88.7%。海水中的氧含量是影响海水腐蚀的重要因素之一。海洋腐蚀的性质与氯化物密切相关，氯化物会增加腐蚀并损坏金属表面的钝化膜。<br>金属和合金的腐蚀类型<br>大面积腐蚀：大面积腐蚀可视为均匀腐蚀，是一种常见的腐蚀形式，其特点是与腐蚀环境接触的整个金属表面以几乎相同的速度发生腐蚀。<br>局部腐蚀：海洋环境中钢材的局部腐蚀，特别是小孔腐蚀，是影响钢材强度和耐久性的重要因素。<br>电偶腐蚀：由于电位不同，同一介质中金属触点的局部腐蚀称为电偶腐蚀，也可称为接触腐蚀或碳酸氢盐腐蚀。<br>应力腐蚀：在电压和特定环境的共同影响下，钢在材料强度极限以下撕裂，从而失去其功能，称为应力腐蚀。<br>腐蚀疲劳：波浪作用下的腐蚀疲劳破坏是钢结构失效的主要形式之一。<br>桥<br>海洋防腐剂的腐蚀是金属与环境之间的化学或电化学相互作用。它由材料和环境的特性决定。这会改变金属的性质。一般设施的建设必须经过规划阶段，防腐结构是确保技术设施耐久性的重要因素。钢的常用保护方法包括腐蚀保护程序、低合金耐海水钢、涂层保护、阴极保护和涂漆加阴极保护。阴极保护与清漆可配合使用，相辅相成，提高防腐效果。1.耐腐蚀方法：设计时提前增加耐腐蚀性，以增加污泥壁厚或整个钢材断面的表面厚度。延长使用寿命。

Corrosion and protection of offshore bridges<br>Overview: This paper introduces the corrosion and protection of marine bridges, analyzes the corrosion environment, lists various corrosion types, puts forward the corresponding corrosion protection methods of bridge steel structures, analyzes the actual corrosion situation of bridges, and finally considers the future development of corrosion protection.<br>Conclusion: in order to better develop and utilize marine resources, we need to use many offshore industrial facilities. For example, a sea bridge contains a lot of metal. The corrosion environment in the ocean is very complex, and corrosion has a significant impact on the service life of bridges. Therefore, metal corrosion in marine environment must be considered in the construction and construction of sea bridges. Ocean erosion of bridges is also a problem. Corrosion of metal materials, structures and structures cannot be completely avoided. This is why we can only minimize corrosion. We must take appropriate protective measures. Due to the wide application of bridge protection technology and ship anti-corrosion materials, the protection requirements have been implemented to a certain extent, but they are far from enough. Due to the continuous innovation of science and technology, the corrosion protection of steel bridge structure in seawater is becoming more and more perfect.<br>Key words: Lake crossing bridge; Corrosive marine environment; Type of metal corrosion; Cathodic protection technology;<br>Text:<br>Corrosive marine environment<br>Including corrosive marine environment and corrosive marine environment<br>Marine atmospheric corrosion: marine atmospheric corrosion is caused by moisture forming a thin water film on the surface of metal objects. In offshore steel structures, the relative humidity is higher than its critical value, and the marine atmosphere is rich in many salt particles. These salt impurities dissolve in the water film on the steel surface, turning the water film into a highly corrosive electrolyte and accelerating corrosion.<br>Marine corrosive environment: seawater is a corrosive medium with high salt content. The salt content of surface water is usually between 3.20% and 3.75%. The salt content of seawater increases slightly with the increase of depth. The main salt is chloride, accounting for 88.7% of the total salt. The oxygen content in seawater is one of the important factors affecting seawater corrosion. The nature of marine corrosion is closely related to chloride, which will increase corrosion and damage the passive film on the metal surface.<br>Types of corrosion of metals and alloys<br>Large area corrosion: large area corrosion can be regarded as uniform corrosion, which is a common form of corrosion. Its characteristic is that the whole metal surface in contact with the corrosive environment corrodes at almost the same rate.<br>Local corrosion: local corrosion of steel in marine environment, especially small hole corrosion, is an important factor affecting the strength and durability of steel.<br>Galvanic corrosion: due to different potentials, local corrosion of metal contacts in the same medium is called galvanic corrosion, or contact corrosion or bicarbonate corrosion.<br>Stress corrosion: under the joint influence of voltage and specific environment, steel tears below the material strength limit and loses its function, which is called stress corrosion.<br>Corrosion fatigue: corrosion fatigue damage under wave action is one of the main forms of steel structure failure.<br>Bridge<br>The corrosion of marine preservatives is the chemical or electrochemical interaction between metal and environment. It is determined by the characteristics of materials and environment. This will change the properties of the metal. The construction of general facilities must go through the planning stage, and the anti-corrosion structure is an important factor to ensure the durability of technical facilities. Common protection methods for steel include corrosion protection procedure, low alloy sea water resistant steel, coating protection, cathodic protection and painting plus cathodic protection. Cathodic protection and varnish can be used together to complement each other and improve the anti-corrosion effect. 1. Corrosion resistance method: increase the corrosion resistance in advance in the design to increase the sludge wall thickness or the surface thickness of the whole steel section. Extend service life.<br>

Corrosion and protection of offshore bridges.This paper introduces the corrosion and protection of marine bridges, analyzes the corrosion environment, lists various corrosion types, puts forward corresponding corrosion protection methods for bridge steel structures, analyzes the actual corrosion situation of bridges, and finally thinks about the future development of corrosion protection.Summary: In order to better develop and utilize marine resources, we need to use many offshore industrial facilities. For example, a sea bridge contains a lot of metals. The corrosive environment in the ocean is very complex, and corrosion has a significant impact on the service life of bridges. Therefore, metal corrosion in marine environment is a problem that must be considered when building and constructing sea bridges. Marine erosion of bridges is also a problem. Corrosion of materials, structures and structures cannot be completely avoided. That's why we can only minimize corrosion. We must take appropriate protective measures. Due to the wide application of bridge protection technology and ship anti-corrosion materials, the protection requirements have been implemented to a certain extent, but it is far from enough. Due to the continuous innovation of science and technology, the corrosion protection of steel bridge structures in seawater is becoming more and more perfect.Key words: cross-lake bridge; Corrosive marine environment; Type of metal corrosion; Cathodic protection technology;Text:Corrosive marine environmentIncluding corrosive marine environment and corrosive marine environment.Marine atmospheric corrosion: Marine atmospheric corrosion is caused by moisture forming a thin water film on the surface of metal objects. In offshore steel structures, the relative humidity is higher than its critical value, and the marine atmosphere is rich in many salt particles. These salt impurities are dissolved in the water film on the steel surface, which makes the water film become highly corrosive electrolyte and accelerates corrosion.Marine corrosive environment: seawater is a corrosive medium with high salt content. The salt content of surface water is usually between 3.20% and 3.75%. The salt content of seawater increases slightly with the increase of depth. The main salt is chloride, accounting for 88.7% of the total salt. Oxygen content in seawater is one of the important factors affecting seawater corrosion. The nature of marine corrosion is closely related to chloride, which will increase corrosion and damage passivation film on metal surface.And corrosion types of metals and alloys.Large-scale corrosion: Large-scale corrosion can be regarded as uniform corrosion, which is a common form of corrosion, and its characteristic is that the whole metal surface in contact with corrosive environment corrodes at almost the same speed.Local corrosion: Local corrosion of steel in marine environment, especially small hole corrosion, is an important factor affecting the strength and durability of steel.Galvanic corrosion: due to different potentials, local corrosion of metal contacts in the same medium is called galvanic corrosion, which can also be called contact corrosion or bicarbonate corrosion.Stress corrosion: Under the joint influence of voltage and specific environment, steel tears below the material strength limit, thus losing its function, which is called stress corrosion.Corrosion fatigue: Corrosion fatigue damage under wave action is one of the main forms of steel structure failure.bridgeCorrosion of marine preservatives is the chemical or electrochemical interaction between metal and environment. It is determined by the characteristics of materials and environment. This will change the properties of metals. The construction of general facilities must go through the planning stage, and anti-corrosion structure is an important factor to ensure the durability of technical facilities. Common protection methods of steel include corrosion protection procedures, low alloy seawater resistant steel, coating protection, cathodic protection and painting plus cathodic protection. Cathodic protection and varnish can be used together and complement each other to improve the anticorrosion effect. 1. Corrosion resistance method: increase the corrosion resistance in advance during design to increase the wall thickness of sludge or the surface thickness of the whole steel section. And prolong the service life.