This annex describes two procedures

This annex describes two procedures for determining whether or not noise emissions contain prominent discrete tones: the tone-to-noise ratio method and the prominence ratio method.Annex D concerns discrete tones, one cause of tonality. Annex G concerns tonality, which can arise not only from discrete tones but also from other phenomena and conjunctions of phenomena. Annex G is based on the hearing model in Annex F, but Annex D is not based on Annex F.Discrete tones occurring at any frequency within the one-third-octave bands having centre frequencies from100 Hz to 10 000 Hz can be evaluated by the procedures in this annex (i.e., discrete tones between 89,1 Hz and 11 220 Hz) inclusive, referred to the discrete tone frequency range of interest, hereafter).All of the requirements of the test environment (see 8.3) apply. However, for the purposes of this annex, corrections neither for background noise, K1, nor for test environment, K2 apply.NOTE 1 Since some ITT equipment emit discrete tones in the 16 kHz octave band, the tone-to-noise ratio or theprominence ratio can be computed for these tones in accordance with the procedures in this annex in an attempt to quantify their relative levels. However, the prominence criteria in either D.9.5 or D.10.6 cannot be applied, since there is no supporting psychoacoustical data on such high-frequency discrete tones.Declaration of product noise emissions in accordance with ECMA-109 offers the option of stating whether there are prominent discrete tones in the noise emissions of a product, as determined by this annex. Other standards, or other test codes relating to products besides ITT equipment, can also refer to this annex for the declaration of prominent discrete tones. For the purposes of such declarations, either the tone-to-noise ratio method or the prominence ratio method may be used, unless otherwise specified in the standard or test code.NOTE 2 The tone-to-noise ratio method can prove to be more accurate for multiple tones in adjacent critical bands, forexample when strong harmonics exist. The prominence ratio method can be more effective for multiple tones within the same critical band and is more readily automated to handle such cases. NOTE 3 The Tone-to-Noise Ratio may underestimate prominence of discrete tones that overlap with elevated or sloped noise spectra. The Prominence Ratio may be applicable to tonalities like discrete tones and noise with narrow or sloped spectra, to the degree that critical bands adjacent to the tonalities of interest are free of such tonalities. The measurement of tonality, which includes tones, is described in Annex G.D.2 Annex statusAlthough this annex is informative, it contains requirements for fulfilment when its procedures are referenced normatively by another standard or test code. These requirements are generally identified through the use of the prescriptive word “shall”.D.3 Psychoacoustical backgroundA discrete tone which occurs together with broad-band noise is partially masked by that part of the noise contained in a relatively narrow frequency band, called the critical band that is centred at the frequency of the discrete tone. Noise at frequencies outside the critical band does not contribute significantly to the masking © Ecma International 2019 105 effect. The width of a critical band is analytically expressed as a function of frequency (see D.8). In general, a discrete tone is just audible in the presence of noise when the sound pressure level of the tone is about 4 dB {2 dB to 6 dB, depending on frequency (Reference [37])} below the sound pressure level of the masking noise contained in the critical band centred around the tone. This is sometimes referred to as the threshold of detectability. For the purposes of this annex, a discrete tone is classified as prominent when using the tone-to- noise ratio method if the sound pressure level of the tone exceeds the sound pressure level of the masking noise in the critical band by 8 dB for tone frequencies of 1 000 Hz and higher, and by a greater amount for tones at lower frequencies. This corresponds, in general, to a discrete tone being prominent when it is more than10 dB to 14 dB above the threshold of detectability. When using the prominence ratio method, a discrete tone is classified as prominent if the difference between the level of the critical band centred on the tone and the average level of the adjacent critical bands is equal to or greater than 9 dB for tone frequencies of 1 000 Hz and higher, and by a greater amount for tones at lower frequencies. Reference [38] provides the basis for these criterion values.

This annex describes two procedures for determining whether or not noise emissions contain prominent discrete tones: the tone-to-noise ratio method and the prominence ratio method.Annex D concerns discrete tones, one cause of tonality. Annex G concerns tonality, which can arise not only from discrete tones but also from other phenomena and conjunctions of phenomena. Annex G is based on the hearing model in Annex F, but Annex D is not based on Annex F.Discrete tones occurring at any frequency within the one-third-octave bands having centre frequencies from100 Hz to 10 000 Hz can be evaluated by the procedures in this annex (i.e., discrete tones between 89,1 Hz and 11 220 Hz) inclusive, referred to the discrete tone frequency range of interest, hereafter).All of the requirements of the test environment (see 8.3) apply. However, for the purposes of this annex, corrections neither for background noise, K1, nor for test environment, K2 apply.NOTE 1 Since some ITT equipment emit discrete tones in the 16 kHz octave band, the tone-to-noise ratio or theprominence ratio can be computed for these tones in accordance with the procedures in this annex in an attempt to quantify their relative levels. However, the prominence criteria in either D.9.5 or D.10.6 cannot be applied, since there is no supporting psychoacoustical data on such high-frequency discrete tones.Declaration of product noise emissions in accordance with ECMA-109 offers the option of stating whether there are prominent discrete tones in the noise emissions of a product, as determined by this annex. Other standards, or other test codes relating to products besides ITT equipment, can also refer to this annex for the declaration of prominent discrete tones. For the purposes of such declarations, either the tone-to-noise ratio method or the prominence ratio method may be used, unless otherwise specified in the standard or test code.NOTE 2 The tone-to-noise ratio method can prove to be more accurate for multiple tones in adjacent critical bands, forexample when strong harmonics exist. The prominence ratio method can be more effective for multiple tones within the same critical band and is more readily automated to handle such cases.  NOTE 3 The Tone-to-Noise Ratio may underestimate prominence of discrete tones that overlap with elevated or sloped noise spectra. The Prominence Ratio may be applicable to tonalities like discrete tones and noise with narrow or sloped spectra, to the degree that critical bands adjacent to the tonalities of interest are free of such tonalities. The measurement of tonality, which includes tones, is described in Annex G.D.2 Annex statusAlthough this annex is informative, it contains requirements for fulfilment when its procedures are referenced normatively by another standard or test code. These requirements are generally identified through the use of the prescriptive word “shall”.D.3 Psychoacoustical backgroundA discrete tone which occurs together with broad-band noise is partially masked by that part of the noise contained in a relatively narrow frequency band, called the critical band that is centred at the frequency of the discrete tone. Noise at frequencies outside the critical band does not contribute significantly to the masking    © Ecma International 2019 105          effect. The width of a critical band is analytically expressed as a function of frequency (see D.8). In general, a discrete tone is just audible in the presence of noise when the sound pressure level of the tone is about 4 dB {2 dB to 6 dB, depending on frequency (Reference [37])} below the sound pressure level of the masking noise contained in the critical band centred around the tone. This is sometimes referred to as the threshold of detectability. For the purposes of this annex, a discrete tone is classified as prominent when using the tone-to- noise ratio method if the sound pressure level of the tone exceeds the sound pressure level of the masking noise in the critical band by 8 dB for tone frequencies of 1 000 Hz and higher, and by a greater amount for tones at lower frequencies. This corresponds, in general, to a discrete tone being prominent when it is more than10 dB to 14 dB above the threshold of detectability. When using the prominence ratio method, a discrete tone is classified as prominent if the difference between the level of the critical band centred on the tone and the average level of the adjacent critical bands is equal to or greater than 9 dB for tone frequencies of 1 000 Hz and higher, and by a greater amount for tones at lower frequencies. Reference [38] provides the basis for these criterion values.

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结果 (简体中文) 1: [复制]

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本附件描述了两种确定噪声发射是否包含明显的离散音的过程：音噪比法和突出率法。 附件D涉及离散音调，这是音调的原因之一。附件G涉及音调，它不仅可以由离散的音调引起，还可以由其他现象和现象的结合引起。附件G基于附件F中的听力模型，但是附件D不基于附件F。 中心频率为 100 Hz至10000 Hz的三分之一倍频程内的任何频率上出现的离散音可通过以下方法评估：本附件中的程序（即，包括89,1 Hz和11 220 Hz之间的离散音调，以下简称为所关注的离散音调频率范围）。 测试环境的所有要求（请参见8.3）均适用。但是，就本附件而言，既不对背景噪声K1进行校正，也不对测试环境K2进行校正。 注1：由于某些ITT设备在16 kHz八度音阶中发出离散的音调，因此 可以根据本附件中的程序计算这些音调的音噪比或突出比，以量化其相对电平。但是，D.9.5或D.10.6中的突出标准无法应用，因为在这种高频离散音调上没有支持的心理声学数据。 根据ECMA-109声明产品噪音排放，可以选择声明本附件确定的产品噪音排放中是否存在明显的离散音调。除ITT设备外，其他标准或与产品相关的其他测试代码也可以参考本附件中的明显离散音调声明。出于此类声明的目的，除非标准或测试代码中另有规定，否则可以使用音噪比方法或突出率方法。 注2：对于相邻关键频带中的多个音调，音噪比方法可以证明更为准确，对于 存在强谐波时的示例。突出率方法对于同一关键频段内的多个音调可能更有效，并且更容易自动处理此类情况。 注3：音噪比可能会低估与升高或 倾斜的噪声频谱重叠的离散音调的突出程度。突出率可以适用于诸如离散音调和具有窄或倾斜频谱的噪声之类的音调，以至于与感兴趣的音调相邻的临界带没有这种音调的程度。音调的测量（包括音调）在附件G中描述 。D.2附件状态 尽管本附件提供了信息，但当其他标准或测试代码规范性地引用其程序时，它也包含实现要求。这些要求通常通过使用“应”一词来确定。 D.3心理声学背景 与宽带噪声一起出现的离散音被包含在相对窄的频带（称为临界频带）中的那部分噪声部分掩盖，该频带以离散音的频率为中心。关键频带之外的频率处的噪声不会显着影响屏蔽 ©Ecma International 2019 105 影响。临界频带的宽度解析表示为频率的函数（见D.8）。通常，当声音的声压级低于声压级的4dB {2 dB至6 dB，取决于频率（参考[37]）}时，只有在有噪声的情况下才可以听到离散的声调。关键频带中包含的掩蔽噪声以音调为中心。有时将其称为可检测性阈值。为本附件的目的，如果使用单音噪声比方法，如果单音的声压级比临界频带中掩蔽噪声的声压级高8 dB，则该离散音被分类为突出音。 1 000 Hz和更高的频率，低频时音调更大。通常，这对应于 比可检测的阈值高10 dB到14 dB。使用突出比方法时，如果音频频率为1，则以音调为中心的临界频带的电平与相邻临界频带的平均电平之间的差等于或大于9 dB时，将离散音调分类为突出音调。 000 Hz或更高，低频时音调更大。参考文献[38]为这些标准值提供了基础。

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结果 (简体中文) 2:[复制]

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本附件介绍了确定噪声排放是否包含突出离散音调的两个过程：音噪比法和突出比法。 附件D涉及离散色调，这是音调的一个原因。附件G涉及音调，这种音调不仅可能来自离散音调，而且可能产生于其他现象和现象的结合。附件G以附件F中的听证模式为基础，但附件D并非以附件F为基础。 离散音调在三分之一八度频段内以任何频率出现，中心频率来自 100 Hz 至 10 000 Hz 可通过本附件中的程序（即 89，1 Hz 和 11 220 Hz 之间的离散音调）（包括离散音调）进行评估，请参阅以下感兴趣的离散音调频率范围）。 测试环境的所有要求（参见 8.3）都适用。但是，就本附件而言，既不适用于背景噪声 K1，也不适用于测试环境，适用 K2。 注1 由于某些 ITT 设备在 16 kHz 八度频段中发出离散音调、音噪比或 可根据本附件中的程序计算这些音调的突出比率，以尝试量化其相对水平。但是，D.9.5 或 D.10.6 中的突出标准无法适用，因为对于这种高频离散音调没有支持的心理自动数据。 根据 ECMA-109 申报产品噪音排放提供了说明产品噪声排放中是否有突出的离散音调的选项，由本附件确定。除 ITT 设备外，其他标准或其他与产品相关的测试代码也可以参考本附件，以申报突出的离散音调。出于此类声明的目的，可以使用音调噪声比方法或突出比方法，除非在标准或测试代码中另有说明。 注 2 对于相邻关键频段中的多个音调，音调与噪声比方法可以证明更准确， 例如，当存在强谐波时。突出比方法可以更有效地对同一关键频段内的多个音调，并且更容易自动处理此类情况。 注3 音调与噪声的比率可能低估了与高架或高音重叠的离散音调的突出性。 倾斜噪声光谱。突出比可能适用于具有窄光谱或斜面光谱的离散音调和噪声等色调，以以下程度：与感兴趣色调相邻的关键波段没有这种色调。包括音调在内的色调的测量在附件G中描述。 D.2 附件状况 虽然本附件内容丰富，但载有当其程序被另一标准或测试守则规范地引用时，其履行要求。这些要求一般通过使用"应"一词来确定。 D.3 心理运动背景 发生 t 的离散音调

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结果 (简体中文) 3:[复制]

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本附录描述了确定噪声排放是否包含显著离散音调的两个程序：音调噪声比法和显著性比法。 附录D涉及离散音调，这是音调的一个原因。附录G涉及音调，它不仅可以来自离散的音调，也可以来自其他现象和现象的连接。附录G基于附录F中的听力模型，但附录D不基于附录F。 在三分之一倍频带内任何频率出现的离散音调，中心频率为 100 Hz至10 000 Hz可通过本附录中的程序（即89.1 Hz和11 220 Hz之间的离散音调）进行评估，参考下文中的离散音调频率范围。 试验环境的所有要求（见8.3）均适用。然而，在本附录中，背景噪声K1和试验环境K2的修正均不适用。 注1：由于某些ITT设备在16 kHz倍频带发射离散音调，因此，音噪比或 根据本附件中的程序，可以计算这些音调的突出度比，以量化其相对水平。然而，D.9.5或D.10.6中的显著性标准都不能适用，因为没有关于这种高频离散音调的支持性心理声学数据。 根据ECMA-109的产品噪声排放声明提供了一个选项，说明产品噪声排放中是否存在本附录确定的显著离散音调。除ITT设备外，其他标准或与产品相关的其他测试代码，也可参考本附件，以了解突出离散音调的声明。除非标准或试验规范中另有规定，否则可使用音调噪声比法或突出度比法。 注2：对于相邻临界频带中的多个音调，音调噪声比法可以证明更精确 强谐波存在时的示例。突出度比法可以更有效地处理同一临界带内的多个音调，并且更容易自动处理此类情况。 注3：声调噪声比可能低估了离散声调的显著性，这些声调与升高的或重叠 倾斜噪声谱。日珥比可适用于诸如离散音调和具有窄谱或斜谱的噪声之类的英云度，以使与感兴趣的英云度相邻的临界带不存在此类音调。包括音调在内的音调测量见附录G。 D、 2附件状态 尽管本附录是资料性附录，但它包含了当其程序被另一标准或试验规范引用时的满足要求。这些要求通常通过使用“应”一词来确定。 D、 3心理声学背景 与宽频带噪声一起出现的离散音调被一个相对狭窄的频带（称为以离散音调的频率为中心的临界频带）中包含的噪声部分部分掩盖。临界频带外的噪声对掩蔽没有显著的贡献 ©Ecma国际2019 105 效果。临界带的宽度用频率的函数解析地表示（见D.8）。一般而言，当音调的声压级约为4db{2db到6db，这取决于频率（参考文献[37]）低于围绕音调中心的临界频带中包含的掩蔽噪声的声压级，在存在噪声的情况下才可以听到离散音调。这有时被称为可探测性的阈值。在本附录中，如果音调的声压级超过临界频带内掩蔽噪声的声压级8 dB（对于1000 Hz及以上的音调），并且对于较低频率的音调，如果音调的声压级超过临界频带中掩蔽噪声的声压级，则离散音调被归类为显著音调。一般来说，这对应于一个离散音调，当它超过 10分贝到14分贝以上的可探测性阈值。当使用显著性比率法时，如果以音调为中心的临界频带的电平与相邻临界频带的平均电平之间的差等于或大于9dB（对于1000Hz及以上的音调），并且对于低频率的音调，差大于或等于9dB，则将离散音调归类为突出音调。参考文献[38]为这些标准值提供了依据。

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