Microglial activation and the infiltration of macrophages into regions associated with anxiety may play a role in the development of anxiety in certain stress paradigms (Wohleb et al., 2014, 2013). Therefore, we sought to determine if HF diet following HSV-1 infection and latency results in increased neuroinflammation via microglia activation and proinflammatory monocyte/macrophage infiltration in regions associated with anxiety, as well as increased anxiety in mice.