1. Improper selection of cement grade or variety in the design.2. The water-cement ratio (water-binder ratio) in the mix ratio is too large.3. The larger the amount of unilateral cement and the higher the water consumption, the larger the volume of cement paste, the greater the slump, and the greater the shrinkage.4. Improper selection of sand ratio and water-cement ratio in the mix ratio design will cause deviations in the workability of concrete, resulting in concrete separation, bleeding, and poor water retention, which will increase the shrinkage value.5. Improper selection of concrete expansion agent content in mix design.