数控机床主要是由控制介质、数控装置、伺服系统和机床本体四个部分组成。控

数控机床主要是由控制介质、数控装置、伺服系统和机床本体四个部分组成。控制介质控制介质以指令的形式记载加工信息,如零件加工的工艺过程、工艺参数和刀具运动等，将这些信息输入到数控装置，控制数控机床对零件切削加工。<br>数控装置数控装置是数控机床的核心，其功能是接受输入的加工信息，经过数控装置的系统软件和逻辑电路进行译码、运算和逻辑处理，向伺服系统发出相应的脉冲，并通过伺服系统控制机床运动部件按加工程序指令运动。<br><br>伺服系统由伺服电机和伺服驱动装置两部分组成，我们口中所说数控系统是指数控装置与伺服系统的集成，因此说伺服系统是数控系统的执行系统。数控装置发出的速度和位移指令控制执行部件按进给速度和进给方向位移。每个进给运动的执行部件都配备一套伺服系统，有的伺服系统还有位置测量装置，直接或间接测量执行部件的实际位移量，并反馈给数控装置，对加工的误差进行补偿。<br>数控机床的本体与普通机床基本类似，不同之处是数控机床结构简单、刚性好，传动系统采用滚珠丝杠代替普通机床的丝杠和齿条传动，主轴变速系统了齿轮箱，普遍采用变频调速和伺服控制。

CNC machine tool is mainly composed of control medium, CNC device, servo system and machine tool body. Control medium the control medium records processing information in the form of instructions, such as part processing process, process parameters and tool motion, and inputs these information to the NC device to control the NC machine tool to cut the part.<br>Numerical control device numerical control device is the core of numerical control machine tool. Its function is to receive the input processing information, decode, calculate and logic process through the system software and logic circuit of numerical control device, send corresponding pulses to the servo system, and control the moving parts of machine tool to move according to the instructions of processing program through the servo system.<br>The servo system is composed of servo motor and servo drive device. The NC system in our mouth refers to the integration of NC device and servo system. Therefore, the servo system is the executive system of NC system. The speed and displacement commands sent by the NC device control the displacement of the executive parts according to the feed speed and feed direction. Each actuator of feed motion is equipped with a set of servo system. Some servo systems also have position measurement devices to directly or indirectly measure the actual displacement of the actuator and feed it back to the NC device to compensate the machining error.<br>The body of NC machine tool is basically similar to that of ordinary machine tool. The difference is that NC machine tool has simple structure and good rigidity. The transmission system adopts ball screw to replace the lead screw and rack transmission of ordinary machine tool. The spindle speed change system adopts gearbox, and frequency conversion speed regulation and servo control are widely used.

The NC machine tool is mainly composed of four parts: control medium, NC device, servo system and machine tool body. Control medium The control medium records the processing information in the form of instructions, such as the technological process of parts processing, technological parameters and tool movement, etc., and inputs the information to the numerical control device to control the numerical control machine tool to cut the parts. The NC device is the core of the NC machine tool. Its function is to accept the input processing information, decode, calculate and logically process it through the system software and logic circuit of the NC device, send corresponding pulses to the servo system, and control the moving parts of the machine tool to move according to the instructions of the processing program through the servo system. Servo system consists of servo motor and servo drive device. The numerical control system in our mouth refers to the integration of numerical control device and servo system, so the servo system is the executive system of numerical control system. The speed and displacement instructions sent by the numerical control device control the actuator to displace according to the feed speed and feed direction. Each actuator of feed movement is equipped with a servo system, and some servo systems also have position measuring devices, which directly or indirectly measure the actual displacement of the actuator and feed it back to the numerical control device to compensate the machining error. The noumenon of CNC machine tools is basically similar to that of ordinary machine tools. The difference is that CNC machine tools are simple in structure and good in rigidity. The transmission system uses ball screw instead of the screw and rack drive of ordinary machine tools. The spindle speed change system uses gear box, and frequency conversion speed regulation and servo control are widely used.