The protection and renewal of historic blocks cannot be separated from the two levels of public space and residents. From the perspective of public space construction and design, this paper studies the historical blocks in urban renewal, which not only retains the integrity of the physical space of the original blocks, but also considers the living needs of different people in the blocks. Through the systematic research on the design of public space in urban historical blocks, this paper explores the evaluation standard of public space in historical blocks after use, correctly understands the regional cultural characteristics of historical blocks, and guides historical blocks to create a unique public domain with historical cultural characteristics, providing information basis for designers and decision makers.