Taken together, the results from Studies 2 and 3 provide support for the hypothesis that raising the salience of the TG group increases endurance of ingroup suffering, compared with raising the salience of the group as IG, and that this effect is mediated by PoINT. These effects held in two Jewish Israeli samples as well as in a Palestinian Israeli sample. As demonstrated in Study 2, these effects cannot be attributed to an increase in ingroup identification.