In the process of primary school teaching to strengthen the cultivation of the core of mathematics accomplishment is good for students' logic thinking ability and the development of abstract thinking ability, the abstract mathematics knowledge into common-sense life cases and specific application of all kinds of formulas, using imagination to create a mathematical model to solve the practical problems in life, more solid grasp of mathematical theory of knowledge and the flexible application in real life, to improve the students' ability of rational thinking and objective analysis. Therefore, it can be said that the cultivation of students' core literacy in primary school mathematics education is conducive to the improvement of students' rigorous logical thinking ability, abstract thinking ability and imagination, and more conducive to students' practical operation ability of data collection, sorting and analysis.