The physical and chemical properties of red mud mainly include cation exchange and specific surface area. The exchange capacity of red mud cations is generally high, and the numerical value is large. The very large exchange volume is 578.1me / kg soil, the smaller is 207.9me / kg soil, and the majority is 250me / kg ~ 300me / kg soil; its value is higher than Expansive soil and kaolin are lower than illite and montmorillonite, indicating that the exchange volume of red mud is unstable. Red mud specific surface area (specific surface area reflects the dispersion degree of clay minerals and mineral crystals)Lattice structure) is relatively high, with a very large value of 186.9m2 / g and a small value of 64.09m2 / g.