Altered insulin signaling and autop

Altered insulin signaling and autophagosomal turnover in connection with nitrative stress wasfound in the liver and ovarian tissues of our rat model of PCOS (Figure 6). Combined hyperandrogenismand vitamin D deficiency led to decreased autophagy in the liver and altered insulin signaling in theovaries. Vitamin D supplementation could prevent the increase in Akt phosphorylation in the ovariesthat may contribute to the beneficial effect of vitamin D treatment on ovarian function. However, it couldnot reverse the other adverse effects observed in the double challenged group. On the other hand,vitamin D deficiency itself led to disrupted ovarian maturation and autophagy malfunction in the liver.