轴承运行中造成保持架损坏的原因有哪些轴承在工作时，或多或少都会因为摩擦

Bearings cause damage to the cage during operation. Which <br><br>bearings are more or less damaged and worn due to friction during operation, especially the bearing cage will be damaged during high-temperature operation. <br><br>The cage is a part of the structure of the bearing, that is to say, the cage is damaged, and the bearing cannot run normally. There are many reasons for the damage to the bearing, but in the process of use, when the bearing cage is damaged, The degree of damage to the bearing cage must be judged according to the situation, so as to find the most fundamental cause, and finally take corresponding measures and prevent repeated damage. <br><br>The degree of damage to the <br><br>bearing cage The first level of damage to the bearing cage: the budding stage where the bearing begins to fail. At this time, the temperature is normal, the noise is normal, the total amount of vibration speed and frequency spectrum are normal, but the total amount of peak energy and frequency spectrum are signs Reflect the initial stage of bearing failure. At this time, the real bearing failure frequency appears in the ultrasonic section about 20-60khz range. <br><br>The second level of damage to the bearing cage: normal temperature, slightly increased noise, slightly increased total vibration speed, vibration spectrum change is not obvious, but the peak energy has increased greatly, and the spectrum is more prominent. At this time, the frequency of bearing failure appears in the range of about 500hz-2khz. <br><br>The third degree of the damage degree of the bearing cage: the temperature is slightly increased, the noise can be heard by the ear, the total amount of vibration speed is greatly increased, and the bearing fault frequency and its harmonics and sidebands are clearly visible on the vibration speed spectrum, and the vibration speed The noise level on the spectrum increased significantly, the total amount of peak energy became larger than the second stage, and the spectrum became more prominent. At this time, the frequency of bearing failure appears in the range of about 0-1khz. It is recommended to replace the bearings at the later stage of the third stage, then the rolling bearing failure characteristics such as wear that can be seen by the naked eye should already appear. <br><br>The fourth degree of bearing cage damage: temperature rises significantly, noise intensity changes significantly, and the total amount of vibration speed and vibration displacement increases significantly. The frequency of bearing failure on the vibration speed spectrum <br><br>begins to disappear, which is caused by a larger random broadband. The frequency noise level is replaced; the total amount of peak energy increases rapidly, and some unstable changes may occur. Never allow bearings to operate in the <br><br>fourth stage of failure development , otherwise catastrophic damage may occur.<br><br>The reasons for the damage of the bearing cage are: <br><br>1. Installation problems The <br>bearings are not installed correctly, and the cage will be damaged during installation. <br><br>2. The impact load of the bearing The <br>intense vibration in the impact load produces the impact of the rolling element on the cage. <br><br>3. Insufficient bearing lubrication. The <br>lubricating oil or grease dries out and is not added in time (maintenance). The label for lubricating oil or grease is incorrect. <br><br>4. Cleanliness of the <br>bearing The bearing is not well sealed in the bearing box, dust enters, and the friction between the rolling body and the cage is added, so that the cage is damaged. <br><br>5. Bearing creep phenomenon The creep phenomenon <br>refers to the sliding phenomenon of the ferrule. In the case of insufficient interference of the mating surface, the load point moves in the surrounding direction due to sliding, resulting in the circumferential <br><br>deviation of the ferrule from the shaft or the housing The phenomenon. <br><br>6. <br>Cracks in bearing cage material defects , large foreign metal inclusions, shrinkage holes, air bubbles and riveting defects, missing nails, cushion nails or gaps between the two halves of the cage joint surface, severe riveting injuries, etc. may cause the cage to break. <br><br>7. The abnormal load of the bearing cage is <br>not installed properly , tilted, and the amount of interference is too large, which can easily reduce the clearance, intensify friction and heat, soften the surface, and abnormal peeling occurs prematurely. In the pocket, the cage is blocked and an additional load is generated, which increases the wear of the cage. Such a deteriorating circulation effect may cause the cage to break. <br><br>8. The intrusion of bearing hard foreign objects The intrusion of <br>foreign hard foreign objects or other impurities exacerbates the wear of the cage. To solve the above reasons, the life of the bearing will be very long. The cause of many bearing damages is not the life of the bearing itself, but caused by many external environments, such as insufficient lubrication, dust ingress, incorrect installation, excessive load, high temperature, and poor coupling. <br><br>9. Other reasons<br>If the coupling is misaligned, the bearing is skewed and the force is uneven; the belt is installed too tight; environmental problems, etc. may damage the bearing or the cage. <br><br>To optimize the use of cages and reduce bearing cage damage, we can analyze from two aspects: <br><br>1. Under the premise of bearing's own precision guarantee <br><br>① Welding process optimization at the welding end, using argon arc welding process, and adjusting the welding depth Under the condition of ensuring the length of the pillar, the welding is the deepest. <br><br>②The threaded end is made of dense thread, which must be 100% fastened in place, and a special process is used to make the support and the cage washer always have an interference fit. <br><br>③ The pillar adopts the surface hardening treatment process to ensure the minimum wear and consumption of the rolling element and the surface of the pillar. <br><br>④The center hole of the rolling element and the special diameter of the hole are treated to ensure a low roughness value. <br><br>⑥Reasonably reduce the clearance between the center hole of the rolling element and the pillar to minimize the damage to the cage due to the start-stop impact. <br><br>2. Bearing application <br><br>① When hoisting, it is necessary to ensure the uniform force of the hoisting hole, when hoisting four or three holes. <br><br>② When the force-bearing area is disassembled, the uniform force of the hoisting hole is also guaranteed, and when any deformation or foreign body is blocked, the lifting and disassembly must be stopped and replaced by the press. <br><br>③ When cleaning and placing spare bearings, be sure to perform the assembly according to the new bearing assembly method and place the spares to avoid long-term stress deformation of the cage.

轴承运行中造成保持架损坏的原因有哪些<br><br>轴承在工作时，或多或少都会因为摩擦造成一定程度的损坏和磨损，尤其是高温操作时甚至还会轴承保持架损坏。<br><br>保持架是轴承组成结构中的一部分，也就是说保持架损坏了，轴承也就无法正常运行了，造成轴承损坏的原因有很多，但是我们在使用过程中，当遇到轴承保持架损坏后，一定要根据情况来判断轴承保持架的损坏程度，从而找到最根本原因，最后采取相应的措施，并预防损坏重复发生。<br><br>轴承保持架损伤程度<br><br>轴承保持架损伤程度第一级：即轴承开始出现故障的萌芽阶段，这时温度正常，噪声正常，振动速度总量及频谱正常，但尖峰能量总量及频谱有所征兆，反映轴承故障的初始阶段。这时真正的轴承故障频率出现在超声段大约20-60khz范围。<br><br>轴承保持架损伤程度第二级：温度正常，噪声略增大，振动速度总量略增大，振动频谱变化不明显，但尖峰能量有大的增加，频谱也更加突出。这时的轴承故障频率出现在大约500hz-2khz范围。<br><br>轴承保持架损伤程度第三级：温度略升高，可耳听到噪声，振动速度总量有大的增加，且振动速度频谱上清晰可见轴承故障频率及其谐波和边带，另振动速度频谱上噪声地平明显升高，尖峰能量总量相比第二阶段变得更大、频谱也更加突出。这时的轴承故障频率出现在大约0-1khz范围。建议于第三阶段后期予以更换轴承，那么此时应该已经出现肉眼可以看到的磨损等滚动轴承故障特征。<br><br>轴承保持架损伤程度第四级：温度明显升高，噪声强度明显改变，振动速度总量和振动位移总量明显增大，振动速度频谱上轴承故障频率<br><br>开始消失，被更大的随机的宽带高频噪声地平取代；尖峰能量总量迅速增大，并可能出现一些不稳定的变化。绝不能让轴承在故障发展的<br><br>第四阶段中运转，否则将可能发生灾难性破坏。<br><br>造成轴承保持架破损原因有：<br><br>1、安装问题<br>轴承安装不正确，在安装时就损伤保持架。<br><br>2、轴承的冲击负载<br>冲击负载中激烈的震动产生滚动体对保持架的撞击。<br><br>3、轴承润滑不足<br>润滑油或脂干掉，没有及时添加（维护保养），润滑油或脂用的标号不对。<br><br>4、轴承的清洁度<br>轴承在轴承箱里密封不好，有粉尘进入，加要滚动体与保持架的磨擦，从而使保持架损坏。<br><br>5、轴承蠕变现象<br>蠕变多指套圈的滑动现象，在配合面过盈量不足的情况下，由于滑动而使载荷点向周围方向移动，产生套圈相对轴或外壳向圆周方向位置<br><br>偏离的现象。<br><br>6、轴承保持架材料缺陷<br>裂纹、大块异金属夹杂物、缩孔、气泡及铆合缺陷缺钉、垫钉或两半保持架结合面空隙，严重铆伤等均可能造成保持架断裂。<br><br>7、轴承保持架异常载荷<br>安装不到位、倾斜、过盈量过大等易造成游隙减少，加剧摩擦生热，表面软化，过早出现异常剥落，随着剥落的扩展，剥落异物进入保持架兜孔中，导致保持架运转阻滞并产生附加载荷，加剧了保持架的磨损，如此恶化的循环作用，便可能会造成保持架断裂。<br><br>8、轴承硬质异物的侵入<br>外来硬质异物或其他杂质东西的侵入，加剧了保持架的磨损。针对以上种种原因进行解决，轴承的寿命一定会很长。很多轴承损坏的原因不是轴承本身寿命到了，而是很多外部环境造成的，如润滑不足，粉尘进入，安装错误，负载过大，温度过高，联轴器不对中等。<br><br>9、其它原因<br>如联轴器不对中产生轴承歪斜，受力不均；皮带安装过紧；环境问题等等都有可能损坏轴承或保持架。<br><br>优化保持架的使用，减少轴承保持架损坏，我们可以从两个方面进行分析：<br><br>1、轴承自身精度保障的前提下<br><br>①焊接端的焊接工艺优化，采用氩弧焊焊接工艺，且调整焊接深度，在保障支柱长度的情况下，焊接最深。<br><br>②螺纹端，采用密丝螺纹，必须百分百紧固到位，且采用特殊工艺使支柱与保持架垫圈始终过盈配合。<br><br>③支柱采用表面硬化处理工艺，保障滚动体与支柱表面最低磨损消耗。<br><br>④滚动体中心孔，孔径特殊处理，保障具备较低的粗糙度值。<br><br>⑥合理减小滚动体中心孔与支柱的配合间隙，最大限度的减少因起停冲击对保持架的损伤。<br><br>2、轴承应用方面<br><br>①吊装时，必须保障吊装孔的均匀受力，四孔或三孔吊装时。<br><br>②调换受力区拆卸时同样保障吊装孔的均匀受力，且遇到任何因变形卡阻或异物卡阻时，须停止吊装拆卸，改为压床拆卸。<br><br>③清洗摆放备用轴承时务必按照新轴承的组配方式进行组配后放置备用，避免保持架长期受力变形。

What are the causes of cage damage during bearing operation<br>Bearing in the work, more or less will cause a certain degree of damage and wear due to friction, especially in high temperature operation and even bearing cage damage.<br>The cage is a part of the bearing structure, that is to say, if the cage is damaged, the bearing will not be able to operate normally. There are many reasons for the bearing damage. However, in the process of use, when the bearing cage is damaged, we must judge the damage degree of the bearing cage according to the situation, so as to find the most fundamental reason, and finally take corresponding measures, And prevent repeated damage.<br>Damage degree of bearing cage<br>The first level of damage degree of bearing cage: that is, the initial stage of bearing failure, when the temperature is normal, the noise is normal, the total vibration speed and the frequency spectrum are normal, but the total peak energy and the frequency spectrum have symptoms, reflecting the initial stage of bearing failure. At this time, the real bearing failure frequency occurs in the ultrasonic range of about 20-60khz.<br>The second level of damage degree of bearing cage: normal temperature, slightly increased noise, slightly increased total vibration speed, no obvious change of vibration spectrum, but the peak energy has a large increase, and the spectrum is more prominent. The frequency of bearing failure is in the range of 500 Hz-2 kHz.<br>The third level of damage degree of bearing cage: the temperature rises slightly, the noise can be heard, the total vibration speed increases greatly, and the bearing fault frequency, its harmonics and sidebands can be clearly seen on the vibration speed spectrum, in addition, the noise level on the vibration speed spectrum increases significantly, the total peak energy becomes larger and the spectrum is more prominent than the second stage. The frequency of bearing failure is in the range of 0-1khz. It is suggested to replace the bearing in the later stage of the third stage. At this time, the failure features of rolling bearing, such as wear, which can be seen by naked eyes, should have appeared.<br>The fourth level of damage degree of bearing cage: the temperature is obviously increased, the noise intensity is obviously changed, the total amount of vibration speed and vibration displacement is obviously increased, and the frequency of bearing failure in vibration speed spectrum<br>It starts to disappear and is replaced by a larger random broadband high-frequency noise horizon; the total peak energy increases rapidly, and some unstable changes may occur. Never let the bearing develop in failure<br>In the fourth stage, it will be operated, otherwise, it may cause catastrophic damage.<br>The causes of bearing cage damage are as follows:<br>1. Installation problems<br>The bearing is not installed correctly and the cage is damaged during installation.<br>2. Impact load of bearing<br>The violent vibration in the impact load produces the impact of the rolling body on the cage.<br>3. Insufficient bearing lubrication<br>If the lubricating oil or grease is dried and not added in time (maintenance), the label of lubricating oil or grease is wrong.<br>4. Cleanliness of bearings<br>The bearing is not well sealed in the bearing box, and there is dust entering. In addition, the friction between the rolling element and the cage is required, so that the cage is damaged.<br>5. Bearing creep<br>Creep refers to the slippage phenomenon of ferrule. When the interference of mating surface is insufficient, the load point moves to the surrounding direction due to slippage, resulting in the relative axis of ferrule or the circumferential position of shell<br>Deviation phenomenon.<br>6. Bearing cage material defect<br>Cracks, large foreign metal inclusions, shrinkage cavities, bubbles and riveting defects, lack of nails, pad nails or the gap between the two halves of cage joint surface, and serious riveting damage may cause cage fracture.<br>7. Abnormal load of bearing cage<br>It is easy to reduce the clearance, intensify friction and heat generation, soften the surface, and abnormal peeling occurs too early. With the expansion of peeling, peeling foreign matters enter into the cage pocket hole, resulting in the cage operation block and additional load, which aggravates the wear of the cage. Such deterioration of circulation may cause the cage fracture.<br>8. Invasion of hard foreign matters in bearings<br>The invasion of foreign hard foreign matters or other foreign matters aggravates the wear of the cage. To solve the above reasons, the bearing life will be very long. Many of the reasons for bearing damage are not due to the life of the bearing itself, but due to many external environment, such as insufficient lubrication, dust entry, installation error, too much load, too high temperature, and improper coupling.<br>9. Other reasons<br>If the coupling is misaligned, the bearing is skewed and the force is uneven; the belt is installed too tightly; environmental problems may damage the bearing or cage.<br>To optimize the use of cage and reduce the damage of bearing cage, we can analyze from two aspects:<br>1. On the premise of bearing accuracy guarantee<br>① The welding process of the welding end is optimized, the argon arc welding process is adopted, and the welding depth is adjusted. Under the condition of ensuring the length of the pillar, the welding depth is the deepest.<br>② The threaded end, with dense thread, must be fully tightened in place, and special process shall be adopted to make the strut and cage washer always fit with each other.<br>③ The strut adopts the surface hardening treatment process to ensure the lowest wear consumption of the rolling element and the strut surface.<br>④ The center hole of rolling body is specially treated to ensure low roughness value.<br>⑥ Reasonably reduce the fit clearance between the center hole of the rolling body and the strut, and minimize the damage to the cage caused by the start stop impact.<br>2. Bearing application<br>① When hoisting, it is necessary to ensure the uniform stress of the hoisting hole, when hoisting with four or three holes.<br>② During the disassembly of the stressed area, the uniform stress of the lifting hole shall be ensured. In case of any deformation or foreign matter jamming, the lifting and disassembly shall be stopped and replaced with the press disassembly.<br>③ When cleaning and placing the spare bearing, it must be assembled according to the assembly method of the new bearing and then placed for standby to avoid the long-term stress deformation of the cage.