Our Nordic comparative analysis points out that the spectrum of marketbased and privatization reforms varies, with Sweden and Denmark at one extreme, and Norway and Finland at the other, with Iceland in between. The pronounced market orientation of the Swedish education system, including for-profit schools at preschool, compulsory, and upper secondary levels, is largely contradictory to fair and equal education. The Swedish example shows that major educational reforms, decided without any previous careful investigation and consequence analysis, tend to be counterproductive and costly, and that such detrimental consequences may be difficult to correct