Catalytic reactions take place in various phases: in solutions, within的简体中文翻译

Catalytic reactions take place in v

Catalytic reactions take place in various phases: in solutions, within the solutionlike confines of micelles and the molecular-scale pockets of large enzyme molecules, within polymer gels, within the molecular-scale cages of crystalline solids such as molecular-sieve zeolites, and on the surfaces of solids. This list of phases in which catalysis oceurs forms a progression from the simplest toward the most difficult to characterize in terms of exact chemical structure. A given catalytic reaction can take place in any of these phases, and the details of the mechanism will often be similar in all of them.A full account of how a catalyst works requires a description of how reactant molecules are transported to the catalyst and of how product molecules are transported away. Because the reactants and products are often concentrated in a phase separate from that holding the catalyst, it is necessary to consider transport between phases by diffusion and convection and to determine how these transport processes affect the rates of catalytic reactions. For example, in the ammonia synthesis, the reactants H2 and N2 are concentrated in the gas phase flowing through the reactor, but the catalytic reaction occurs on the surface of the iron particles. Therefore, the rate of the reaction depends not only on what happens on the surface but also on how fast the H2 and N2 are transported to the surface and how fast the ammonia is transported away. The reaction occurs on the surface in the steady state at just the rate of transport of the reactants to the surface and the rate of transport of the products from the surface.
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催化反应发生在不同的阶段:在溶液中,在溶液中,如胶束和大酶分子的分子尺度袋之内,在聚合物凝胶中,在诸如分子筛沸石之类的结晶固体的分子尺度笼中,以及在固体表面。根据精确的化学结构,这一阶段的催化反应形成了从最简单到最难表征的阶段。给定的催化反应可以在任何这些阶段中进行,机理的细节通常在所有这些阶段中都是相似的。<br><br>要全面了解催化剂的工作原理,需要描述反应物分子如何被输送到催化剂以及产物分子如何被输送出去。由于反应物和产物通常集中在与保持催化剂的相分离的相中,因此有必要考虑通过扩散和对流进行相之间的迁移,并确定这些迁移过程如何影响催化反应的速率。例如,在氨合成中,反应物H 2和N 2在流经反应器的气相中浓缩,但是催化反应发生在铁颗粒的表面上。因此,反应速率不仅取决于表面发生的情况,还取决于将H2和N2传输至表面的速度以及氨传输的速度。
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催化反应在不同阶段发生:在溶液中,在类似小鼠的溶液范围内,在大酶分子的分子尺度内,在聚合物凝胶内,在分子筛沸石等晶体固体的分子尺度笼内,在固体表面。催化 oceurs 形成从最简单到最难以在精确化学结构方面特征的阶段列表。给定的催化反应可以在这些阶段中的任何一个阶段发生,而且机制的细节往往在所有阶段都相似。<br><br>要全面说明催化剂的工作原理,需要描述反应分子如何被输送到催化剂中,以及产品分子是如何被运走的。由于反应剂和产品通常集中在与持有催化剂的阶段分开的阶段,因此有必要考虑通过扩散和对流在相间之间的传输,并确定这些运输过程如何影响催化反应的速度。例如,在氨合成中,反应物H2和N2集中在流经反应堆的气体阶段,但催化反应发生在铁粒子的表面。因此,反应的速度不仅取决于表面发生的情况,还取决于H2和N2被输送到地表的速度以及氨的输送速度。反应以稳定状态在表面发生,只是反应物对表面的运输速度和产品从表面运输的速度。
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结果 (简体中文) 3:[复制]
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Catalytic reactions take place in various phases: in solutions, within the solutionlike confines of micelles and the molecular-scale pockets of large enzyme molecules, within polymer gels, within the molecular-scale cages of crystalline solids such as molecular-sieve zeolites, and on the surfaces of solids. This list of phases in which catalysis oceurs forms a progression from the simplest toward the most difficult to characterize in terms of exact chemical structure. A given catalytic reaction can take place in any of these phases, and the details of the mechanism will often be similar in all of them.A full account of how a catalyst works requires a description of how reactant molecules are transported to the catalyst and of how product molecules are transported away. Because the reactants and products are often concentrated in a phase separate from that holding the catalyst, it is necessary to consider transport between phases by diffusion and convection and to determine how these transport processes affect the rates of catalytic reactions. For example, in the ammonia synthesis, the reactants H2 and N2 are concentrated in the gas phase flowing through the reactor, but the catalytic reaction occurs on the surface of the iron particles. Therefore, the rate of the reaction depends not only on what happens on the surface but also on how fast the H2 and N2 are transported to the surface and how fast the ammonia is transported away. The reaction occurs on the surface in the steady state at just the rate of transport of the reactants to the surface and the rate of transport of the products from the surface.<br>
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