the final decision is made by comparing our treated sample with the distribution of sample means that would be obtained for untreated samples. If our treatedsample looks much the same as samples that do not receive the blueberry treatment, weconclude that the treatment does not appear to have any effect. On the other hand, if thetreated sample is noticeably different from the majority of untreated samples, we conclude that the treatment does have an effect.An Analogy for Hypothesis Testing It may seem awkward to phrase both of the two possible decisions in terms of rejecting the null hypothesis; either we reject H0 or wefail to