In initial experiments, it was foun

In initial experiments, it was found that the burnt out PZT tapes disintegrated either during steaming or when loaded into the pressing die if the samples were hand-stacked without lamination; this is likely related to the low green density and small thickness of the PZT tape. This problem could be largely ameliorated by adding a lamination step before cold sintering. Fig. 2(a) and (d) compares the 700 °C post-sintered PZT tapes on Ni foils with and without the lamination process. Lamination did not change the film microstructure significantly but it greatly suppressed the macro-flaws in the PZT layer.