eceptor (CaSR), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D. The CaSR is a membrane-bound receptor found in multiple tissues, including cells of the parathyroid glands. When plasma ionized calcium concentrations are sufficient to stimulate the CaSR, the result is inhibited PTH release. When the ionized calcium concentration is low, PTH is released and is carried in blood to its target tissues: bone and kidney (Zhou, 2009). Intravenous administration of calcium gluconate in combination with Vitamin D has been observed to significantly increase bone mineralization in rabbits (Lani, 2014).