Diabetes affects more than 450 million people worldwide and has a global prevalence of 9.3%. Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 to 95% of cases and is characterized by the progressive loss of adequate insulin secretion, usually in persons with insulin resistance. The main complications of diabetes are microvascular disease (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular disease (coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease).