The participation metaphor has incr

The participation metaphor has increasingly drawn attention in SLA to complement the traditional acquisition metaphor (Donato, 2000; Pavlenko&Lantolf,2000;Sfard,1998).According to the participation metaphor, learning is a process of becoming a member of a community,and this process involves developing the ability to communicate through the language and behavior that are deemed acceptable by the community. In this section, we focus on two models that incorporate the participation metaphor and theoretical orientations from anthropology,namely, language socialization and the community of practice framework. Both of these orientations emphasize the social situatedness of learning, and conceive of learning as becoming an active, full participant in a particular community,