The controlled growth of BaTiO3 wit

The controlled growth of BaTiO3 with desired morphology requires a good understanding of the nucleation and crystallization mechanism. A lot of factors, including the rate of nuclei formation, the rate of crystalline growth, and agglomeration of crystals can contribute to the overall particle growth process and the size distribution of BaTiO3 particles.119 Both classical and nonclassical crystal nucleation and growth processes have been used to describe the nucleation of many chemical systems.120 In a classical crystal nucleation and growth process, ions and molecules firstly aggregate together to reach a supersaturated state which triggers the nucleation process. Once the nucleus reaches some critical size, crystal growth can occur.121 The nonclassical theory differs from the classical theory in that the crystals may grow from mesoscale solid species instead of nuclei.