目的：探索采用介入栓塞法建立羊股骨头坏死动物模型，为研究股骨头坏死提供

目的：探索采用介入栓塞法建立羊股骨头坏死动物模型，为研究股骨头坏死提供新的模型思路。<br>方法：选取成年雄性黑山羊6只，并随机分为A、B两组。术前对两组动物进行常规MRI检查，然后通过Seldinger技术穿刺右侧股动脉，对左侧股骨头供血动脉进行超选择栓塞，另一侧做对比，A组实验山羊采用碘化油+明胶海绵颗粒进行小面积栓塞，B组采用碘化油+明胶海绵颗粒+PVA颗粒+弹簧栓进行大面积栓塞。术后对两组实验山羊进行一般观察，术后1周行DSA检查，术后第2周、第4周、第8周及第12周进行MRI检查，最后一次MRI检查结束后处死取双侧股骨头送组织病理学检查。<br>结果：<br>①一般观察：6只实验山羊均未出现术后感染及死亡；术后穿刺点均无血肿形成，愈合好；造模侧软组织均无坏死表现。术后1周内两组实验山羊的精神及饮食差，活动明显减少，并出现明显跛行情况；1周后两组实验山羊的精神及饮食情况逐渐好转，步态也逐渐恢复；随着时间延长，A组实验山羊的跛行情况逐渐恢复至正常，B组实验山羊的跛行情况仍持续存在。术后2周内两组实验山羊体重下降明显，A组平均下降约3Kg，B组平均下降约6Kg；随后基本保持稳定。<br>②DSA检查：通过术中造影观察，山羊的股骨头供血动脉主要来自于旋股内侧动脉及旋股外侧动脉，髂内动脉分支主要参与股骨颈部供血，骶正中动脉未见明显股骨头区域供血。栓塞前行DSA造影示A、B两组山羊左侧股骨头供血动脉显影良好；栓塞术后行DSA造影示A组山羊左侧旋股内、外侧动脉主干未见显影，左侧股骨头周围未见明显供血动脉显影；B组山羊左侧髂内动脉中下段、股深动脉及旋股外侧动脉未见显影，左侧股骨头周围未见明显供血动脉显影。术后1周时复查DSA，A、B两组山羊左侧股骨头周围均未见血管再通。<br>③MRI检查：A组山羊术后第2、4、8、12周MRI检查示左侧股骨头T1WI、T2WI序列呈高信号,STIR序列呈低信号，未见明显股骨头坏死的阳性表现。B组山羊术后第2周行MRI检查示左侧股骨头信号未见明显异常，其中一只左侧股骨中上段骨髓见异常信号改变，T1WI呈稍低信号，T2WI呈稍低信号，STIR序列呈稍高信号，考虑左侧股骨中上段坏死；术后第4、8、12周复查MRI示左侧股骨头信号仍均未见异常，左侧股骨中上段坏死范围基本同前，信号较前减低。 <br>④组织病理学观察：A组山羊左侧股骨头病理切片均见骨小梁排列整齐，结构完整，骨细胞清晰可见，其中一只见部分骨细胞溶解；B组山羊左侧股骨头病理切片均可见股骨头部分骨细胞坏死及骨小梁断裂。<br>结论：介入栓塞法能够建立早期羊股骨头坏死动模型，具有创伤小、动物死亡率低等特点，目前相关研究较少，不同栓塞材料及栓塞部位对造模结果的差异需要大量实验数据的验证，是值得进一步探索及完善的造模方法。

目的：探索采用介入栓塞法建立羊股骨头坏死动物模型，为研究股骨头坏死提供新的模型思路。<br>方法：选取成年雄性黑山羊6只，并随机分为A、B两组。 术前对两组动物进行常规MRI检查，然后通过Seldinger技术穿刺右侧股动脉，对左侧股骨头供血动脉进行超选择栓塞，另一侧做对比，A组实验山羊采用碘化油+明胶海绵颗粒进行小面积栓塞，B组采用碘化油+明胶海绵颗粒+PVA颗粒+弹簧栓进行大面积栓塞。 术后对两组实验山羊进行一般观察，术后1周行DSA检查，术后第2周、第4周、第8周及第12周进行MRI检查，最后一次MRI检查结束后处死取双侧股骨头送组织病理学检查。<br>结果：<br>①一般观察：6只实验山羊均未出现术后感染及死亡；术后穿刺点均无血肿形成，愈合好；造模侧软组织均无坏死表现。 术后1周内两组实验山羊的精神及饮食差，活动明显减少，并出现明显跛行情况；1周后两组实验山羊的精神及饮食情况逐渐好转，步态也逐渐恢复；随着时间延长，A组实验山羊的跛行情况逐渐恢复至正常，B组实验山羊的跛行情况仍持续存在。 术后2周内两组实验山羊体重下降明显，A组平均下降约3Kg，B组平均下降约6Kg；随后基本保持稳定。<br>②DSA检查：通过术中造影观察，山羊的股骨头供血动脉主要来自于旋股内侧动脉及旋股外侧动脉，髂内动脉分支主要参与股骨颈部供血，骶正中动脉未见明显股骨头区域供血。 栓塞前行DSA造影示A、B两组山羊左侧股骨头供血动脉显影良好；栓塞术后行DSA造影示A组山羊左侧旋股内、外侧动脉主干未见显影，左侧股骨头周围未见明显供血动脉显影；B组山羊左侧髂内动脉中下段、股深动脉及旋股外侧动脉未见显影，左侧股骨头周围未见明显供血动脉显影。 术后1周时复查DSA，A、B两组山羊左侧股骨头周围均未见血管再通。<br>③MRI检查：A组山羊术后第2、4、8、12周MRI检查示左侧股骨头T1WI、T2WI序列呈高信号,STIR序列呈低信号，未见明显股骨头坏死的阳性表现。 B组山羊术后第2周行MRI检查示左侧股骨头信号未见明显异常，其中一只左侧股骨中上段骨髓见异常信号改变，T1WI呈稍低信号，T2WI呈稍低信号，STIR序列呈稍高信号，考虑左侧股骨中上段坏死；术后第4、8、12周复查MRI示左侧股骨头信号仍均未见异常，左侧股骨中上段坏死范围基本同前，信号较前减低。 <br>④组织病理学观察：A组山羊左侧股骨头病理切片均见骨小梁排列整齐，结构完整，骨细胞清晰可见，其中一只见部分骨细胞溶解；B组山羊左侧股骨头病理切片均可见股骨头部分骨细胞坏死及骨小梁断裂。<br>结论：介入栓塞法能够建立早期羊股骨头坏死动模型，具有创伤小、动物死亡率低等特点，目前相关研究较少，不同栓塞材料及栓塞部位对造模结果的差异需要大量实验数据的验证，是值得进一步探索及完善的造模方法。

Objective: to establish an animal model of femoral head necrosis (FHN) in sheep by interventional embolization.<br>Methods: six adult male black goats were randomly divided into group A and group B. The animals in the two groups were given routine MRI examination before operation, and then the right femoral artery was punctured by Seldinger technique to conduct superselective embolization of the left femoral head feeding artery, and the other side was compared. Experimental goats in group A were treated with iodized oil + gelatin sponge particles for small area embolization, while those in group B were treated with iodized oil + gelatin sponge particles + PVA particles + spring plug for large area embolization. DSA was performed at 1 week after operation, and MRI was performed at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after operation. After the last MRI examination, both femoral heads were sacrificed for histopathological examination.<br>result:<br>① General observation: there were no postoperative infection and death in 6 experimental goats; there was no hematoma formation at the puncture point after operation, and the wound healed well; there was no necrosis of soft tissue on the model side. Within one week after operation, the mental and diet of the experimental goats in the two groups were poor, their activities were significantly reduced, and obvious claudication occurred; after one week, the mental and dietary conditions of the experimental goats in the two groups were gradually improved, and their gait also gradually recovered; with the extension of time, the claudication of the experimental goats in group a gradually returned to normal, and the claudication of the experimental goats in group B still existed. Within 2 weeks after operation, the weight of experimental goats in the two groups decreased significantly, with an average decrease of about 3 kg in group A and about 6 kg in group B, and then remained stable.<br>② DSA examination: through intraoperative angiography observation, the femoral head blood supply arteries of goats mainly come from the medial femoral circumflex artery and lateral femoral circumflex artery, the internal iliac artery branches mainly participate in the femoral neck blood supply, and the median sacral artery has no obvious femoral head regional blood supply. Before embolization, DSA angiography showed that the left femoral head feeding artery of group A and group B was well developed; after embolization, DSA angiography showed that the main trunk of left medial femoral circumflex artery was not developed in group A, and there was no obvious feeding artery around the left femoral head; in group B, the middle and lower segment of left internal iliac artery, deep femoral artery and lateral femoral circumflex artery were not developed, and there was no obvious feeding artery around the left femoral head Blood artery development. DSA was reexamined at 1 week after operation, and there was no recanalization around the left femoral head in group A and B.<br>③ MRI examination: at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation, MRI examination showed that the left femoral head showed high signal on T1WI and T2WI sequence, and low signal on STIR sequence. In group B, MRI examination showed that the signal of the left femoral head was normal at the second week after operation, and abnormal signal changes were found in the bone marrow of the middle and upper segment of the left femur in one goat, with slightly low signal on T1WI, slightly low signal on T2WI and slightly high signal on STIR sequence, and necrosis of the middle and upper segment of the left femur was considered; MRI examination showed that the signal of the left femoral head was still normal at the fourth, eighth and twelfth week after operation, and the signal of the middle and upper segment of the left femur was normal The area of necrosis was the same as before, and the signal was lower than before.<br>④ Histopathological observation: in the pathological section of the left femoral head of goats in group A, the bone trabeculae were orderly arranged, the structure was complete, the bone cells were clearly visible, and one of them showed partial osteolysis; in the pathological section of the left femoral head of goats in group B, partial osteonecrosis and fracture of bone trabeculae were observed.<br>Conclusion: interventional embolization can establish early femoral head necrosis model in sheep, which has the characteristics of small trauma and low animal mortality. At present, there are few related studies. The differences of modeling results between different embolization materials and embolization sites need a lot of experimental data verification, which is worthy of further exploration and improvement.<br>