Responsive colloidal polymer particles with well-defned shapes and orderedinternal mesostructures are attracting increasing attention because of theirpotential applications in sensors, catalysis, nano-drug carriers, color pig-ments, and others. Recently, 3D confined assembly of block copolymers inemulsion droplets has emerged as a promising method for fabrication ofcolloidal polymer particles with controllable shapes and internal structures.In this paper, the recent advances in engineering anisotropically shapedand internally ordered colloidal polymer particles are summarized, followedby highlighting their stimliresponsiveness and emerging applications. Inthe last section, the current challenges and future opportunities in this fastgrowing research field are discussed.