For zero preload, the pad machined-in clearance equals the bearing clearance (cp > cb). Typical preload values range from 0.0 to 0.5 (0% to 50%). When a pad is preloaded, a converg-ing film section exists even if the journal runs centered in the bearing (Figure 2-34). Thus, the pad will continue to produce hydrodynamic forces as the bearing load approaches zero. A pad with a negative preload is illustrated in Figure 2-35.