among low-temperature and external

在低温和外压陶瓷致密化方法中，包括火花等离子烧结和水热烧结，冷烧结工艺的特征材料<br>在开放系统中以显着降低的加工温度进行致密化，这是由于存在过渡相而实现的。冷烧结的几项技术优势包括：1）保留纳米晶体的尺寸，2）陶瓷复合材料的共加工，3）热力学亚稳材料的致密化，4）多层陶瓷的制造和5）显着的能耗降低。尽管偶尔需要将其单轴压力视为方法上的局限性，但最近的按比例放大冷烧结工艺证明了其在工业实施中的有希望的潜力，可以在50 MPa以下运行。

among low-temperature and external pressure ceramic densification methods including spark plasma sintering and hydrothermal sintering, cold sintering process features materials<br>densification in an open system at significantly reduced processing temperatures, which is enabled by the presence of transient phase. Several technological advantages of the cold sintering includes 1) preservation of nanocrystalline size, 2) co-processing of ceramic composites,3) densification of thermodynamically metastable materials, 4) fabrication of multilayer electroceramics and 5) significant energy reduction. Although its uniaxial pressure requirement has been occasionally regarded as a methodological limitation, the recent size scale-up cold sintering process demonstrated its promising potential in industrial implementation, which can operate below 50 MPa.

在低温和外压陶瓷致密化方法中，包括放电等离子烧结和水热烧结，冷烧结工艺以材料为特征<br>在显著降低加工温度的开放系统中致密化，这是由瞬态相的存在实现的。冷烧结的几个技术优势包括：1）纳米晶尺寸的保存；2）陶瓷复合材料的共加工；3）热力学亚稳材料的致密化；4）多层电陶瓷的制备；5）显著的能量降低。尽管其单轴压力要求有时被视为方法上的局限性，但最近的尺寸放大冷烧结工艺在工业应用中显示出了其潜在的潜力，可在50mpa以下运行。