Through the study of the reasons for the prosperity of Chengdu's recreational culture in Song Dynasty, this paper holds that there are many factors influence Chengdu's recreational culture in Song Dynasty, among which the most important is economic. The massive growth of Chengdu's population during the Song Dynasty provided participants and consumers for its recreational activities. The prosperity of Chengdu's economy in Song Dynasty provided the material security for its recreational activities. At the same time, the rise of monthly market with different themes, festival markets and night markets provides the contents, venues and opportunities for recreational activities in Song Dynasty.