Pipe rack layout shall provide for

Pipe rack layout shall provide for some excess space on each level for design contingency (Piping Design Criteria requires additional 20% for design growth).Pipes shall be distributed evenly on multilevel pipe racks to avoid congestion in one level and excess space on another. The width of a multilevel pipe rack shall be based on the widest level.In a multilevel pipe rack, process lines are generally located on the lower levels and utility and service lines on the upper levels; also minimise the wind load. Process lines with entry or exit to equipment that is above the upper level can be placed on the upper level. Process lines with entry or exit to equipment that is lower than the lower rack level shall be placed on the lower levels, wherever possible.To facilitate the crossover of lines in pipe racks running north/south with lines in pipe racks running east/west, the elevations of the north/south and east/west pipe racks shall intersect midway between deck levels. Pipe levels shall be raised or lowered at the changes in direction. Pipes shall avoid pockets and dead legs wherever possible.