This range can be measured from between 2 – 3 metres. At this range we should be recognising the warning signs of aggression. We can use this range as a reactionary gap as we should not be taken by surprise if or when the perpetrator attacks. The adoption of a protective stance and the use of loud verbal commands help staff have a psychological edge over the perpetrator in such an incident. This in turn will hopefully lead to the perpetrator changing their mind, becoming co-operative or disengaging.