Ethanol, as an environmentally frie

Ethanol, as an environmentally friendly and easily recoveredsolvent, has lower critical temperature and pressure than water. Itserves as a good reagent for providing active hydrogen and can alsobe used as a source for reduction reaction. Because of the lowerdielectric constant, ethanol shows good properties for the dissolution and dispersion of high-molecular weight degraded productsfrom lignocellulose during the reactions [25e27]. The solid residues obtained from cypress liquefaction with sub-/super ethanol atdifferent temperatures (220-160 C) were characterized [28]. Theresults showed that the neighboring polysaccharide moieties couldnot be completely decomposed, and the depolymerization andrepolymerization were the main reactions during the ethanolliquefaction.Bamboo is the raw material used in this study, which mostly dueto its rapid growth rate and high productivity [29,30]. Several researchers tried to convert bamboo into added-value products byliquefaction. Qi et al. [31] have analyzed the residues of bamboo byFTIR and TG/DTG for utilization in liquefaction. Yip et al. [29]studied the liquefaction of bamboo by changing the ratios ofvarious solvents (phenol, ethylene glycol and ethylene carbonate)to bamboo (2:1,3; 1,5:1,10:1) and reaction times (2,6,10,14,18 h).They found that phenol was the best solvent for bamboo liquefaction. Furthermore, Ye et al. [32] performed solvolysis liquefaction (polyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol) of bamboo shootshell with H2SO4 as catalyst. This revealed that catalyst, temperature and liquid-solid ratio changed the process evidently. Bamboowas liquefied with ethanol-phenol co-solvent by Ma et al. [33],obtaining a conversion rate of 98.5 wt% when the phenol contentwas 6% at 180 C. The addition of methanol, ethanol and waterimproved the conversion of bamboo in microwave-assisted liquefaction [34].Although many investigations have been conducted for theliquefaction of biomass, the liquefaction of bamboo with ethanol/water system under a subcritical status has been rarely reported.Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect ofsolution concentration on the conversion of lignocellulose into biooils under the subcritical liquefaction in ethanol/water system. Theproducts including solid residue, heavy and light oils werecomprehensively characterized with a series of both chemical andspectral methods. The knowledge is meaningful not only for theaddition of insights into the conversion mechanisms of subcriticalliquefaction but also for the practical processing of lignocellulose ina thermochemical manner.

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结果 (简体中文) 1: [复制]

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乙醇是一种环保且易于回收的 溶剂，其临界温度和压力低于水。它 用作提供活性氢的良好试剂，也 可用作还原反应的来源。由于较低的 介电常数，乙醇 在反应过程中对木质纤维素的高分子量降解产物的溶解和分散显示出良好的特性[25e27]。表征了柏在 不同温度（220-160°C）下与亚/超级乙醇液化后得到的固体残留物[28]。该 结果表明，相邻多糖部分也 不能完全分解，解聚和 再聚合是乙醇 液化过程中的主要反应。 竹子是本研究中使用的原材料，这主要是由于竹子的 快速生长和高生产率[29,30]。几位研究人员试图通过 液化将竹子转化为增值产品。Qi等。[31]已经通过 FTIR和TG / DTG 分析了竹子的残留物以用于液化。Yip等。[29] 通过改变 各种溶剂（苯酚，乙二醇和碳酸亚乙酯） 与竹子的比例（2：1,3; 1,5：1,10：1）和反应时间（2,6 ）来研究竹子的液化。，10,14,18 h）。 他们发现苯酚是竹液化的最佳溶剂。此外，叶等。[32] 用硫酸作为催化剂对竹笋壳进行溶剂化液化（聚乙二醇和乙二醇）。这表明催化剂，温度和液固比明显改变了该过程。 Ma等人用乙醇-苯酚助溶剂将竹子液化。[33]， 当苯酚含量 在180°C下为6％时，转化率为98.5 wt％。添加甲醇，乙醇和水可 提高微波辅助液化中竹子的转化率[34]。 尽管已经对 生物质的液化进行了许多研究，但竹子与乙醇/ 亚临界状态下的供水系统鲜有报道。 因此，本研究的目的是研究 在乙醇/水系统中亚临界液化下溶液浓度对木质纤维素向生物油转化的影响。通过一系列化学和光谱方法对 包括固体残渣，重油和轻油在内的产品进行了 全面表征 。该知识不仅对于 增加对亚临界 液化转化机制的认识，而且对于 以热化学方式实际处理木质纤维素都是有意义的。

正在翻译中..

结果 (简体中文) 2:[复制]

复制成功！

Ethanol, as an environmentally friendly and easily recovered solvent, has lower critical temperature and pressure than water. It serves as a good reagent for providing active hydrogen and can also be used as a source for reduction reaction. Because of the lower dielectric constant, ethanol shows good properties for the dissolution and dispersion of high-molecular weight degraded products from lignocellulose during the reactions [25e27]. The solid residues obtained from cypress liquefaction with sub-/super ethanol at different temperatures (220-160 C) were characterized [28]. The results showed that the neighboring polysaccharide moieties could not be completely decomposed, and the depolymerization and repolymerization were the main reactions during the ethanol liquefaction. Bamboo is the raw material used in this study, which mostly due to its rapid growth rate and high productivity [29,30]. Several researchers tried to convert bamboo into added-value products by liquefaction. Qi et al. [31] have analyzed the residues of bamboo by FTIR and TG/DTG for utilization in liquefaction. Yip et al. [29] studied the liquefaction of bamboo by changing the ratios of various solvents (phenol, ethylene glycol and ethylene carbonate) to bamboo (2:1,3; 1,5:1,10:1) and reaction times (2,6,10,14,18 h). They found that phenol was the best solvent for bamboo liquefaction. Furthermore, Ye et al. [32] performed solvolysis liquefaction (polyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol) of bamboo shoot shell with H2SO4 as catalyst. This revealed that catalyst, temperature and liquid-solid ratio changed the process evidently. Bamboo was liquefied with ethanol-phenol co-solvent by Ma et al. [33], obtaining a conversion rate of 98.5 wt% when the phenol content was 6% at 180 C. The addition of methanol, ethanol and water improved the conversion of bamboo in microwave-assisted liquefaction [34]. Although many investigations have been conducted for the liquefaction of biomass, the liquefaction of bamboo with ethanol/ water system under a subcritical status has been rarely reported. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of solution concentration on the conversion of lignocellulose into biooils under the subcritical liquefaction in ethanol/water system. The products including solid residue, heavy and light oils were comprehensively characterized with a series of both chemical and spectral methods. The knowledge is meaningful not only for the addition of insights into the conversion mechanisms of subcritical liquefaction but also for the practical processing of lignocellulose in a thermochemical manner.

正在翻译中..

结果 (简体中文) 3:[复制]

复制成功！

乙醇是一种环境友好且易于回收的产品 溶剂，比水具有更低的临界温度和压力。它 作为提供活性氢的良好试剂，也可以 用作还原反应的源。因为下面 介电常数、乙醇对高分子量降解产物具有良好的溶解分散性能 反应过程中的木质纤维素[25e27]。亚/超乙醇液化柏树固体树脂 不同温度（120-160℃）。这个 结果表明，相邻的多糖部分可以 未完全分解，解聚和 乙醇的主要反应是再聚合 液化。 竹子是本研究所用的原材料，这主要是由于 其快速增长率和高生产率[29,30]。一些研究者试图通过 液化。齐等。【31】对竹子的残留进行了分析 FTIR和TG/DTG在液化中的应用。Yip等人。[29] 通过改变竹材的液化比，研究了竹材的液化 各种溶剂（苯酚、乙二醇、碳酸乙烯酯） 竹材（2:1,3；1,5:1,10:1）和反应时间（2,6,10,14,18小时）。 他们发现苯酚是竹子液化的最佳溶剂。此外，Ye等人。【32】对竹笋进行溶剂溶解液化（聚乙二醇和乙二醇） 以硫酸为催化剂的壳。结果表明，催化剂、温度和液固比对反应过程有明显的影响。竹子 用乙醇-苯酚共溶剂液化。[33]， 当苯酚含量为98.5%时，转化率为98.5% 在180℃时为6%。添加甲醇、乙醇和水 提高了微波辅助液化竹材的转化率[34]。 尽管已经对 生物质液化、竹材乙醇液化/ 亚临界状态下的水系统很少有报道。 因此，本研究的目的是研究 乙醇/水体系亚临界液化条件下木质纤维素转化为生物油的溶液浓度。这个 产品包括固体残渣、重油和轻油 以一系列化学和 光谱法。知识不仅对知识有意义 增加对亚临界转换机制的见解 同时也适用于木质纤维素的实际加工 热化学方式。

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