Responsibility is the core element of moral quality and the basic premise for individuals to consciously abide by moral codes. Cultivating the sense of responsibility of primary school students is conducive to promoting the sound development of their moral qualities. With the continuous advancement of social reforms, the market economy has gradually replaced the original planned economy. The market economy follows the law of value, and its prominent feature is the emphasis on personal interests. In the process of pursuing the maximization of interests, people at the expense of personal credibility and destruction of the ecological environment. The lack of integrity and the decline of morality have caused extremely adverse effects on growing primary school students. Coupled with the limitations of the physical and mental development of primary school students, their responsible behavior is worrying.