Because metro engineering is generally located in the urban area with dense buildings and underground operation, the main technical difficulty of deep foundation pit engineering is to protect the original state around the foundation pit, prevent ground settlement and reduce the influence on the existing buildings. Faced with complex urban terrain and underground pipelines, whether it is open excavation or underground excavation, it is easy to occur foundation pit collapse, landslide, water leakage, sand explosion, foundation collapse, settlement and other major crisis events.