where d = LP, Ns,j is the number of vehicles passing the loop detector at the end of segment s at time interval j, and vi,j is the speed of vehicle i passing the loop detector at the end of segment s at time interval j.When the trajectory data from probe vehicles such as CVs is available, some studies defne the space mean speed as the average of the mean speeds of all probe vehicles over segment s at an instant of time t within a time interval j (Kianfar and Edara 2013; Mori et al. 2015):