（一）肌肉痉挛的常见原因①疲劳 ：当机体疲劳时 ，肌肉的正常生理功能会

（一）肌肉痉挛的常见原因①疲劳 ：当机体疲劳时 ，肌肉的正常生理功能会发生变化。此时 ，肌肉会积聚大量乳酸 ， 不断刺激肌肉 ，引起痉挛。②电解质失衡 ：运动时出汗过多 ，尤其是在炎热的气候下 ，会导致电解质大量流失。汗液的主要成分是水和盐 ，盐与肌肉收 缩有关 ，流失过多的盐会导致肌肉紧张和抽筋。②寒冷刺激 ：在寒冷气候下 ，如游泳 ，受到冷水刺激时 ，特别是热身运动准备不充分时 ，肌肉容易发生 痉挛 ，主要是由于寒冷而兴奋性增加。（ 二）肌肉痉挛的临床表现痉挛可使皮肤、筋膜、肌肉或关节囊缩短或收紧 ，阻碍结构的正常活动

（1） Common causes of muscle spasms: ① Fatigue: When the body is fatigued, the normal physiological function of muscles will change. At this point, the muscles will accumulate a large amount of lactic acid, continuously stimulating the muscles and causing spasms Electrolyte imbalance: Excessive sweating during exercise, especially in hot climates, can lead to a significant loss of electrolytes. The main components of sweat are water and salt, which are related to muscle contraction. Excessive loss of salt can lead to muscle tension and cramps Cold stimulation: In cold climates, such as swimming, when stimulated by cold water, especially when warm-up preparations are insufficient, muscles are prone to spasms, mainly due to increased excitability caused by cold. （2） The clinical manifestation of muscle spasms is that spasms can shorten or tighten the skin, fascia, muscles, or joint capsules, hindering normal structural activity

(1) Common causes of muscle spasm ① Fatigue: When the body is tired, the normal physiological functions of muscles will change. At this point, the muscle will accumulate a lot of lactic acid, which will stimulate the muscle continuously and cause spasm. 2 electrolyte imbalance: excessive sweating during exercise, especially in hot climate, will lead to a large loss of electrolyte. The main components of sweat are water and salt. Salt is related to muscle contraction. Losing too much salt will lead to muscle tension and cramps. ② Cold stimulation: In a cold climate, such as swimming, when stimulated by cold water, especially when the warm-up exercise is not fully prepared, muscles are prone to spasm, mainly due to the increase of excitability due to cold. (2) Clinical manifestations of muscle spasm Spasm can shorten or tighten the skin, fascia, muscle or joint capsule, and hinder the normal activity of the structure.