Possible mechanism of action of the thyroid disrupting chemicalsInhibition of iodine uptake in the cells by inhibition of NIS: perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and phthalates.TPO inhibition: NP and isoflavones.Inhibition of TSH-R: DDT and PCB.Binding to transport proteins: PCB, phthalates, phenol, flame retardants, and HCB.Cellular uptake of thyroid hormones: phthalates and chlordanes.Binding to thyroid hormone receptor and affecting gene expression: PCB, phenols, flame retardants, BPA and HCB.Inhibition of deiodinases: Styrenes and UV-filters,Activation of hepatic UDPGT: dioxins and pesticides,Inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis: lead.Excretion/clearance of thyroid hormones: PCB, dioxin, phenols, flame retardants, HCB, and BPA.