Although the idea of shingling sola

Although the idea of shingling solar cells exists sincethe 1950s [1], it was only used for niche applications [2].The aim towards achieving high output power density p outmodules has revived the concept of shingling, clearlyseen in the increase in the number of recent publications[3], patents [4], and commercially available monofacialmodules [5] based on shingling interconnection. In thecase of shingling (overlapping) interconnection of solarcells, the rear side busbar of a cell overlaps the frontbusbar of the neighboring cell. Consequently, the activearea within the module increases by omitting the spacingbetween the cells as well as eliminating the shadowinglosses from the busbars covered by the neighboring cell’sactive area. Additionally, shingling interconnectiondecreases resistive losses on module level decreasingcell-to-module losses.