Spouses and other family members‟ a

Spouses and other family members‟ acceptance of stoma were entered into the regression model. After surgery, family members are the people who have the most frequent contact with patients. Spouses and other family members can help patients with much of the necessary daily stoma care work, address unexpected and awkward events, and provide psychosocial support to the patients.30 When patients feel love and acceptance from their spouses and family members, their stigma decreases. Body image loss, stool leakage and age were also included in the final regression model. The visibility of the stoma was an important predictor of stigmatization, which can affect interpersonal interactions and psychosocial well-being.31 Stool leakage embarrassed both the patients and the people around them, especially during formal social occasions.32-34 Younger patients are most likely the breadwinners of the family; their careers might show upward mobility or be at their pinnacle, and they often must interact with society. After surgery, the stoma damages these young patients‟ lives and careers.35 Participation in activities with other stoma patients was included in the final regression model. During these activities, new patients can confide their troubles to the experienced patients; in turn, the experienced patients, e.g., stoma visitors, can provide peer support, which plays a pivotal role in rehabilitation.36 Stoma visitors are rehabilitated stoma patients with a well-adjusted physical and mental state who volunteer to visit and provide help to new stoma patients.Although these patients are laymen, they may be able to perceive the emotional changes of stoma patients and grasp the key points of the stoma care process. In addition, peers with stoma can share abundant experiences with patients, which provides great reassurance, support an confidence that they can have a similarly successful life in the future, even with a stoma.