Minimizing the contact area between

Minimizing the contact area between liquid and solid is a widely used strategy to enhance superhydrophobicity; however, it results in fragile surface textures and poor resistance to wear20. Various approaches have been explored to address this problem—for example strengthening the bonding between the coating and the substrate by using an adhesion layer, bearing the abrasion force by randomly introducing discrete microstructures and allowing abrasion by sacrificing the upper layers of a self-similar structure27–29—but these have resulted in only modest improvements in robustness (Supplementary Video 1). As an alternative strategy, we considered the features of mechanical durability and non-wettability separately and implemented them at two different length scales, fabricating nanostructures to impart water repellency and a microstructure to act as ‘armour’ to resist abrasion (Fig. 1a, Supplementary Fig. 1,Supplementary Video 2, Supplementary Discussion section 2.1). As the