The theory of historiography and the history of historiography belong to the same secondary subcategory in the discipline structure. This categorization indicates the close internal relationship between the two. To explore the relationship between the theory of historiography and the history of historiography,we should first overcome a theoretical challenge, which is how to distinguish “historical theory ” from “historiographical theory”. This paper argues that the theory of historiography is the generalization and summary of historical works. It is not the objective study of historical reality. It is important to clarify the nuanced differences and similarities between the theory of historiography and the theory of history. The movement to further define the theory of historiography,for example,paved the way for the rise of historical epistemology in the 1980s.