拔管后48 h内 ① 再次出现明显呼吸困难；② 再次需插管机械通气；③

拔管后48 h内 ① 再次出现明显呼吸困难；② 再次需插管机械通气；③ 未插管但需无创通气；④ 出现其他需要建立人工气道者，均认为符合机械通气撤机国际会议指南定义的撤机失败标准 [1, 8]。

Within 48 hours after extubation, ① obvious dyspnea occurred again; ② Intubation and mechanical ventilation are needed again; ③ No intubation but noninvasive ventilation; ④ Other people who need to establish artificial airway are considered to meet the withdrawal failure criteria defined in the guidelines of the International Conference on mechanical ventilation [1,8].

① Within 48 hours after extubation, obvious dyspnea occurred again; ② intubation and mechanical ventilation are needed again; ③ Non-intubated but non-invasive ventilation is needed; ④ Other people who need to build artificial airway are considered to meet the criteria for failure of weaning as defined in the guide of international conference on weaning of mechanical ventilation [1, 8].