Good morning, boys and girls. welcome back to our pathology class. Have you reviewed the content of the last lesson? In the last lesson, we have learned the first chapter ‘Introduction of Pathology’. This chapter consists of 4 parts, respectively introduced as definition of pathology, evolution of pathology, subdivision of pathology and methods for the study of pathology. Following that, we learned the first half of the second chapter ‘Cell Adaptations and Cell Injury’.