3. Quality tools and digitalization

3. Quality tools and digitalization influence in lean manufacturing3.1. Lean six sigmaLean manufacturing tools helps to eliminate wastes, reduces cycle time by eliminating non valued activities from the manufacturing process. Whereas Six Sigma is a statistical Quality tool that identifies the variations in the product and uses DMAIC methodology to reduces it. Remarkable improvement in overall process performance and objective were achieved by combined strategy of lean and six sigma known as Lean Six Sigma [36].3.2. Lean Industrial 4.0Digitalization chains both Information Technology (IT) and production any digital adaptation affects existing production systems. The digital technology has revolutionized the traditional manufacturing processes due to fast developments in areas like artificial intelligence, robotics and automation, 3D printing, human–machine interaction, analysing in virtual environment along with transfer and sharing of data and fast computing capabilities [37]. Industrial 4.0 (I4.0) which is nothing but the networking of people and equipment to communicate rapidly with the aid of computer and connectivity to operate, to resolve existing problems or virtually dealing with the problems that might occur. Computerization and connectivity are prerequisites for implementing I4.0, this means all the processes of a company are connected and cross departmental information sharing is possible.Combined use of lean and I4.0 for evaluation is more prospective rather than considering separately [38]. Increasing use of ICT in manufacturing sector has explored its potential that was not yet tapped. Today’s smart factories are integrated with cyber components like cloud computing, data analytics, software to the manufacturing resources like machines, processes, transportation, sales, and distribution. Important aspects in I4.0 are Horizontal integration that integrates various IT systems within the company and suppliers to have update of stock whenever required. Vertical integration integrates IT systems in different authority levels in the company. End-to end engineering tracks the product record right from the day one till it ceases to give the desired performance maintaining connectivity end to end.