in the field of complex dynamical systems, the phenomenon of cluster synchronization has been investigated [27–30]. For example, it was found earlier that long-range links added to a loop network can induce cluster synchronization patterns [27]. Removing links or adding weights to links can affect the stability of cluster synchronization and induce switching among different patterns of synchronization [28]. In a symmetric network of coupled identical phase oscillators, phase lags can induce cluster synchronization [29]. These previous studies established a fundamental connection between the symmetry of the network and the patterns of cluster synchronization, and a computational group theory was developed [30] to understand this connection