Polycrystalline silicon solar cells have the advantages of high conversion efficiency and long life of single crystal silicon cells, and relatively simple material preparation processes for amorphous silicon thin film cells. The conversion efficiency is generally about 17-18%, which is slightly lower than that of single cells. Crystalline silicon solar cells have no significant efficiency degradation problems and are likely to be fabricated on inexpensive substrate materials at a much lower cost than monocrystalline silicon cells, and are more efficient than amorphous silicon thin film cells.