根据相关调查资料（马慧娣，2011），与城市居民相比较，当前农民工在城

According to relevant survey data (Ma Huidi, 2011), compared with urban residents, the current living conditions of migrant workers in cities are not optimistic, mainly in six aspects: first, income. The average monthly income is 1,747.87 yuan, which is only 57.4% of the average monthly income of urban enterprise employees (3046.61 yuan). Second, social security. The participation rates of pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance, maternity insurance are 67.7%, 77.4%, 55.9%, 70.3% and 30.7%, which are 23.7%, 14.6%, 29.1% and 9.1% lower than those of urban employees And 30.8%. Third, the occupational safety situation. 36.5% of migrant workers face high-temperature and low-temperature operation problems, 41.3% of migrant workers have noise pollution in their working environment, 36% of migrant workers 'working environment has hidden dangers of mechanical failure that can easily hurt their limbs, and 34.7% of migrant workers' working environment has dust pollution problem. Fourth, the working hours. Working 6-8 hours per day accounts for 29%; 8-10 hours per day accounts for 44.4%; more than 10 hours per day accounts for 20.4%. 15.6 days of weekly rest accounts for 55.6%; 2 days of weekly rest accounts for 20.4%; 3 days of weekly rest accounts for 2.2%; 20% of them did not answer. Statistics show that the vast majority of strong manual workers have fewer days off and less leisure time.

根据相关调查资料（马慧娣，2011），与城市居民相比较，当前农民工在城市的生存状况不容乐观，主要表现在六个方面：第一，收入方面。平均月收入为1747.87元，仅为城镇企业职工平均月收入 (3046.61元) 的57.4%。第二，社会保障方面。养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险、生育保险的参保率为67.7%、77.4%、55.9%、70.3%和30.7%，分别比城镇职工低23.7%、14.6%、29.1%、9.1%和30.8%。第三，职业安全状况。36.5%的农民工面临高温、低温作业问题，41.3%农民工的工作环境中存在噪声污染，36%的农民工工作环境存在容易伤及肢体的机械故障隐患，34.7%农民工工作环境存在粉尘污染问题。第四，劳动时间状况。每天工作6—8小时占29%；每天8—10小时占44.4%；每天10小时以上20.4%。每周休息1天占55.6%；每周休息2天占20.4%；每周休息3天2.2%；有20%的人未填答。数据显示，绝大多数强体力劳动者休息日少，闲暇时间也少。

According to relevant survey data (MA Huidi, 2011), compared with urban residents, the current living conditions of migrant workers in the city are not optimistic, mainly in six aspects: first, income. The average monthly income is 1747.87 yuan, only 57.4% of the average monthly income (3046.61 yuan) of employees in urban enterprises. Second, social security. The insured rate of endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance is 67.7%, 77.4%, 55.9%, 70.3% and 30.7%, respectively, 23.7%, 14.6%, 29.1%, 9.1% and 30.8% lower than that of urban employees. Third, occupational safety. 36.5% of migrant workers are faced with the problems of high and low temperature operation, 41.3% of migrant workers have noise pollution in their working environment, 36% of migrant workers have potential mechanical faults that are easy to damage their limbs, and 34.7% of migrant workers have dust pollution in their working environment. Fourth, labor time. Working 6-8 hours a day accounts for 29%; working 8-10 hours a day accounts for 44.4%; working more than 10 hours a day accounts for 20.4%. 55.6% had one day off every week; 20.4% had two days off every week; 2.2% had three days off every week; 20% did not fill in the answer. Data shows that the vast majority of strong manual workers have less rest days and leisure time.<br>