using course resources (3%), and ve

using course resources (3%), and very few students reportedusing resources outside of what the instructors provided (3%).Figure 3 displays the responses to the question, “Howimportant were the Bridge activities to your learning in thiscourse?” As expected, most students rated the Bridge activities asmoderately important to their learning, and very few rated themas not important at all. One possible explanation for this is thatthe average difficulty level of the Bridge activity questions isquite a bit lower than that of the average exam question becausestudents complete them before the content is discussed in class.Students learn fairly quickly that Bridge activities are helpful forlearning simpler ideas from the course but are not sufficientpractice for success on course exams.Figure 4 displays the responses to the prompt,“Please indicatehow HELPFUL the following resources/activities were to yourlearning in CHEM 233.” This questionnaire item had a “notapplicable” response option because sections varied in what wasrequired. Students rated the Bridge activities as slightly morehelpful than in-class quizzes and online homework but slightlyless helpful than course videos, worksheet participation, andinstructor’s worksheet question explanations. The responserates for the questionnaire items shown in Figure 3 (N = 138)and Figure 4 (N = 148) were different because the item in Figure3 was presented later in the questionnaire and thus had moremissing responses.The vast majority of students (88%) felt the level of difficultyof the Bridge activities was “about right”, whereas the restthought they were too difficult (5%) or too easy (7%). Thus, webelieve we are targeting the Bridge content at an appropriatelevel.In the flipped classroom model, student workload is intendedto be spread over the term but not necessarily greater than intraditional lecture-based courses. Instructors need to becognizant of the impact of implementing additional homeworkactivities. In response to our concern over student workload, weconducted a detailed assessment of overall student workload,which we will report in a later paper.