For student laboratory use, Holden

For student laboratory use, Holden and Crouch developed a microscale Biginelli synthesis that takes 1.5 h in the presence of ethanol and HCl with an average yield of 58%.2i Aktoudianakis and co-workers developed a solvent-free Biginelli synthesis that takes 15 min in the presence of ZnCl2 with an average yield of 65%.2f Both experiments utilized the condensation of benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, and urea to give a single product.