3.8.2 Organizational ChangeOrganiza

3.8.2 Organizational ChangeOrganizations are required to change because of a broad variety of different forces. These forces can be analyzed in terms of both internal forces within the organization and external forces in the environment, as shown in Exhibit 29.A common mistake in initiating change is assuming that because an organization is a collection of people it can be changed by changing each individual. This assumption is wrong because it overlooks the complexity of individual behaviors and the influence of organizational processes. Organizational change is a complex process, and many different strategies have been proposed for creating change. In the field of psychology, most change strategies focus on changing the behavior of a single individual. In human resource management, efforts to change a single personality are rare because organizational problems are seldom the problems of isolated people. Most problems are caused by the interactions ofindividuals within groups and between interacting groups. Consequently, successful change strategies require the active involvement of many people