穿龙薯蓣根状茎中含有多种有效成分，其中薯蓣皂苷元是合成多种甾体激素比较

穿龙薯蓣根状茎中含有多种有效成分，其中薯蓣皂苷元是合成多种甾体激素比较理想的重要原料。本文以穿龙薯蓣一年生实生苗为实验材料，在林学院苗圃选取光照强度存在明显差异（5%、25%、50%、65%和100%自然光照）的微环境，研究不同处理下该种的存活和生长情况，集中于叶片形态结构、生理变化及其根状茎薯蓣皂苷元的含量等方面，研究光照强度对穿龙薯蓣生长及其根状茎薯蓣皂苷元含量的影响，以期为人工栽培提供基础数据。主要研究结果如下：<BR>（1）穿龙薯蓣在50%和65%光强下幼苗存活率较高，5%光强下存活率最低，说明中度光强环境适宜植株地上部分生长，重度弱光环境下易导致幼苗地上植株死亡。<BR>（2）不同处理下，穿龙薯蓣叶片形态及结构指标多差异显着（P＜0.05），其中65%自然光下穿龙薯蓣植株的叶长、叶宽、叶面积及叶鲜重均高于其他处理。随环境光照强度的增加，气孔数量、叶厚、表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片结构紧实度等均显着增加，叶片气孔数量在65%自然光照下最多。50%和65%自然光照条件下，叶脉厚度及维管束面积最大。穿龙薯蓣叶片解剖结构中栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度比可塑性指数最高，易受环境的影响。<BR>（3）不同光照强度下穿龙薯蓣叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量有显着变化（P＜0.05）。65%自然光照下，叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量及类胡萝卜素含量均大于其他光照环境，全光照及重度弱光下叶绿素含量较小，显着影响植株光合作用，不利于穿龙薯蓣正常生长。在中等光照强度下，穿龙薯蓣叶片的可溶性蛋白含量显着高于弱光及强光环境，该环境下植株地上部分植株生长最好。<BR>（4）不同光强环境对穿龙薯蓣根状茎的生物量、含水量和薯蓣皂苷元含量均具有显着影响。随光照强度的增加，根状茎生物量和薯蓣皂苷元含量呈先增加后减小的趋势，65%自然光照处理下根状茎薯蓣皂苷元含量最高，生物量仅次于50%光强环境。<BR>综述，50%和65%自然光照环境下穿龙薯蓣地上部分生长良好，根状茎生物量和薯蓣皂苷元含量高，适宜穿龙薯蓣实生苗的生长。

穿龙薯蓣根状茎中含有多种有效成分，其中薯蓣皂苷元是合成多种甾体激素比较理想的重要原料。 本文以穿龙薯蓣一年生实生苗为实验材料，在林学院苗圃选取光照强度存在明显差异（5%、25%、50%、65%和100%自然光照）的微环境，研究不同处理下该种的存活和生长情况，集中于叶片形态结构、生理变化及其根状茎薯蓣皂苷元的含量等方面，研究光照强度对穿龙薯蓣生长及其根状茎薯蓣皂苷元含量的影响，以期为人工栽培提供基础数据。 主要研究结果如下：<BR>（1）穿龙薯蓣在50%和65%光强下幼苗存活率较高，5%光强下存活率最低，说明中度光强环境适宜植株地上部分生长，重度弱光环境下易导致幼苗地上植株死亡。<BR>（2）不同处理下，穿龙薯蓣叶片形态及结构指标多差异显著（P＜0.05），其中65%自然光下穿龙薯蓣植株的叶长、叶宽、叶面积及叶鲜重均高于其他处理。 随环境光照强度的增加，气孔数量、叶厚、表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片结构紧实度等均显著增加，叶片气孔数量在65%自然光照下最多。 50%和65%自然光照条件下，叶脉厚度及维管束面积最大。 穿龙薯蓣叶片解剖结构中栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度比可塑性指数最高，易受环境的影响。<BR>（3）不同光照强度下穿龙薯蓣叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量有显著变化（P＜0.05）。 65%自然光照下，叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量及类胡萝卜素含量均大于其他光照环境，全光照及重度弱光下叶绿素含量较小，显著影响植株光合作用，不利于穿龙薯蓣正常生长。 在中等光照强度下，穿龙薯蓣叶片的可溶性蛋白含量显著高于弱光及强光环境，该环境下植株地上部分植株生长最好。<BR>（4）不同光强环境对穿龙薯蓣根状茎的生物量、含水量和薯蓣皂苷元含量均具有显著影响。 随光照强度的增加，根状茎生物量和薯蓣皂苷元含量呈先增加后减小的趋势，65%自然光照处理下根状茎薯蓣皂苷元含量最高，生物量仅次于50%光强环境。<BR>综述，50%和65%自然光照环境下穿龙薯蓣地上部分生长良好，根状茎生物量和薯蓣皂苷元含量高，适宜穿龙薯蓣实生苗的生长。

The rhizome of Dioscorea nipponica contains many effective components, among which diosgenin is an ideal raw material for the synthesis of steroids. In this paper, one year old seedlings of Dioscorea nipponica were used as experimental materials. The microenvironment with obvious difference in light intensity (5%, 25%, 50%, 65% and 100% natural light) was selected in the nursery of Forestry College to study the survival and growth of Dioscorea nipponica under different treatments, focusing on leaf morphological structure, physiological changes and Diosgenin content in rhizome In order to provide basic data for artificial cultivation. The main results are as follows<BR>(1) The survival rate of Dioscorea nipponica seedlings was higher under 50% and 65% light intensity, and the lowest under 5% light intensity, which indicated that moderate light intensity was suitable for the growth of aboveground parts of plants, and severe weak light environment was easy to cause the death of aboveground plants.<BR>(2) There were significant differences in leaf morphology and structure indexes among different treatments (P < 0.05). The leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and leaf fresh weight of Dioscorea nipponica under 65% natural light were higher than those of other treatments. The stomatal number, leaf thickness, epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness and leaf structure compactness increased significantly with the increase of environmental light intensity. The stomatal number of leaves was the most under 65% natural light. Under 50% and 65% natural light, vein thickness and vascular bundle area were the largest. Among the anatomical structures of Dioscorea nipponica, the thickness ratio plasticity index of palisade tissue and spongy tissue was the highest, which was easily affected by the environment.<BR>(3) The contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein in leaves of Dioscorea nipponica had significant changes under different light intensities (P < 0.05). Under 65% natural light, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were higher than those under other light conditions. Under full light and severe weak light, the content of chlorophyll was lower, which significantly affected the photosynthesis and was not conducive to the normal growth of Dioscorea nipponica. Under medium light intensity, the soluble protein content of Dioscorea nipponica leaves was significantly higher than that under weak light and strong light environment, and the aboveground part of the plant grew best under this environment.<BR>(4) The biomass, water content and Diosgenin content of Dioscorea nipponica rhizome were significantly affected by different light intensity. With the increase of light intensity, the biomass and Diosgenin content of rhizome increased at first and then decreased. The Diosgenin content of rhizome was the highest under 65% natural light, and the biomass was second only to 50% light intensity.<BR>The results showed that the aboveground part of Dioscorea nipponica grew well under 50% and 65% natural light, and the rhizome biomass and Diosgenin content were high, which were suitable for the growth of Dioscorea nipponica seedlings.<BR>