Dynamic chemical interactions betwe

Dynamic chemical interactions between the liquid solvent and the surface of the inorganic materials drives dissolution and can be enabled in variety ofways including chelating, dehydration and cluster formation reactions. It is difficult to observe or predict the details of these nonequilibrium interactions experimentally, but the reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics technique has proven very useful in gaining theoretical insight into these dynamic interactions [33–35]. The observation of highly defective grain boundaries, which reduce the activation energy for atomic diffusion by Gonzalez-Julian et al. [36] and the formation of bonds between adjacent particles by Shen [37] and Goglio et al. [13] have also been reported as evidence for the procession of the aforementioned chemical effects occurring during CSP.