GPX4 promotes the Golgi translocation of STING. GPX4 deficiency and inhibition had no influence on the binding of HSV-1 genomic DNA to cGAS (Extended Data Fig. 6a,b), the enzyme activity of cGAS (Extended Data Fig. 6c) or cGAMP activity in macrophages (Extended Data Fig. 6d,e). Next, we examined the effect of GPX4 on STING activation. GPX4 enhanced IFN-β luciferase activation, whereas RSL3 and FIN56 decreased IFN-β luciferase activation in a dose-dependent manner in DMXAA-stimulated 293-Dual hSTING-A162 cells (Fig. 5a and Extended Data Fig. 7a). Furthermore, transfection of plasmids that encoded wild-type GPX4, but not the GPX4 U73A mutant (a peroxidase-activity-disrupted mutant, in which a Sec to Ala point mutation was introduced) in GPX4-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), rescued DMXAA-induced Ifnb expression (Fig. 5b and Extended Data Fig. 7b). These data indicate that GPX4 selectively regulates STING-dependent signaling through its enzymatic activity, although it has no effect on cGAS activity.cGAMP, produced by cGAS, is recognized by dimeric STING located at the ER, and then triggers STING activation. However, GPX4 inhibition did not affect cGAMP binding to STING and STING dimerization (Extended Data Fig. 7c–e). Trafficking of STING from the ER to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartments or the Golgi is a crucial step for STING phosphorylation and subsequent IRF3 activation9,31. GPX4 deficiency or inhibition attenuated DMXAA-induced STING phosphorylation (Fig. 5c and Extended Data Fig. 7f). Both GPX4 inhibition and 4-HNE inhibited HSV-1- and cGAMP-induced localization of STING at the Golgi (Fig. 5dand Extended Data Fig. 7g). V147 and N154 are disease-associated residues of STING and mutation of either of these residues causes
GPX4 promotes the Golgi translocation of STING. GPX4 deficiency and inhibition had no influence on the binding of HSV-1 <br>genomic DNA to cGAS (Extended Data Fig. 6a,b), the enzyme <br>activity of cGAS (Extended Data Fig. 6c) or cGAMP activity in macrophages (Extended Data Fig. 6d,e). Next, we examined the effect of GPX4 on STING activation. GPX4 enhanced <br>IFN-β luciferase activation, whereas RSL3 and FIN56 decreased <br>IFN-β luciferase activation in a dose-dependent manner in <br>DMXAA-stimulated 293-Dual hSTING-A162 cells (Fig. 5a and <br>Extended Data Fig. 7a). Furthermore, transfection of plasmids <br>that encoded wild-type GPX4, but not the GPX4 U73A mutant (a <br>peroxidase-activity-disrupted mutant, in which a Sec to Ala point <br>mutation was introduced) in GPX4-deficient mouse embryonic <br>fibroblasts (MEFs), rescued DMXAA-induced Ifnb expression <br>(Fig. 5b and Extended Data Fig. 7b). These data indicate that GPX4 <br>selectively regulates STING-dependent signaling through its enzymatic activity, although it has no effect on cGAS activity.<br>cGAMP, produced by cGAS, is recognized by dimeric STING <br>located at the ER, and then triggers STING activation. However, <br>GPX4 inhibition did not affect cGAMP binding to STING and <br>STING dimerization (Extended Data Fig. 7c–e). Trafficking of <br>STING from the ER to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartments <br>or the Golgi is a crucial step for STING phosphorylation and subsequent IRF3 activation9,31. GPX4 deficiency or inhibition attenuated <br>DMXAA-induced STING phosphorylation (Fig. 5c and Extended <br>Data Fig. 7f). Both GPX4 inhibition and 4-HNE inhibited HSV-1- <br>and cGAMP-induced localization of STING at the Golgi (Fig. 5d<br>and Extended Data Fig. 7g). V147 and N154 are disease-associated <br>residues of STING and mutation of either of these residues causes
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