This study proposes a novel curved steel plate damper to improve the seismic performanceof structures. The theoretical analysis of the curved plate damper was carried out deriving formulasof key parameters of the curved plate damper including elastic lateral stiffness, yield strength, andyield displacement. Moreover, a cyclic loading test of four sets of specimens was conducted, and thehysteretic performance, ductility, energy dissipation performance, and strain of the specimens werestudied. The results showed that the initial stiffness of the damper was large, no obvious damage wasobserved, and the hysteresis loop was full. The tested dampers had good deformation and energydissipation performance. The stress variable rule of the damper was obtained by stress analysis,where the plastic deformation at the end of the semi-circular arc was large. The formula for variousparameters of the damper was compared with experimental and numerical results; thus, the valueof the adjustment coefficient was determined reasonable. Meanwhile, the rationality of the finiteelement model was also verified.